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DNA methylation plays an important role in gene expression regulation during biological development in plants. To explore the mechanism of chemically induced male sterility (CIMS) in wheat, using cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) approaches, 6.66 and 3.42 % of the sequences showed changes in gene expression and DNA methylation in 1376-CIMS as compared to its fertility line 1376. We sequenced 54 fragments that differed in cDNA-AFLP and 26 DNA fragments which differentially displayed in MSAP comparisons of CIMS and 1376. Our results provided evidences for genome-wide changes in gene expression and DNA methylation occurring in the development of the 1376-CIMS system induced by chemical hybridizing agent SQ-1, and its counterpart fertility line 1376. Moreover, this study contributed to the elucidation of CIMS effects on responses of transcriptome and methylome in the development of the anther.
Protein polyubiquitination is a significant regulator of diverse physiological functions, including sexual reproduction, in plants. Chemical hybridizing agents (CHA) SQ-1 has been shown to induce male sterility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through inhibition of pollen development. This mechanism by which CHA induces male sterility in wheat is unclear. In this study, differential proteomic analysis of polyubiquitinated proteins associated with wheat male sterility was investigated. Wheat plants of the same genetic background were treated with or without CHA. Ubiquitinated proteins were then extracted and enriched for proteomic analysis. Differentially expressed polyubiquitinated proteins in trinuclear stage anther were identified by nanospray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 127 and 131 differentially expressed polyubiquitinated proteins, including heat shock protein 70, ATPase subunit, glycosyltransferase, ubiquitinrelated enzyme, and 20S proteasome subunit, were successfully identified by searching against wheat protein database and NCBInr database, respectively. Most of these proteins are related to photosynthesis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and multiple metabolic processes. These findings show that alteration of polyubiquitinated proteins is associated with male sterility in wheat.
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