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The influence of L-arginine and Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) on lead-induced oxidative stress in kidneys of rats with different resistance to hypoxia was studied. The animals were exposed to lead nitrate (3.6 mg/kg, daily) for 30 d and treated with L- arginine (600 mg/kg) or L-NNA (35 mg/kg) 30 min before each injection of lead nitrate. Lead exposure led to a significant increase in the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rats with high resistance to hypoxia indicating that lead induced renal oxidative stress. Treatment with L-arginine was effective in decreasing TBARS level for this group of animals. L-arginine was ineffective against lead-induced oxidative stress when given to rats with low resistance to hypoxia. In contrast, administration of L- NNA provided significant prooxidative effect on renal lead-induced oxidative stress in rats with low and high resistance to hypoxia. Renal antioxidant defence system remained sensitive to lead-induced oxidative stress and any of the treatments bv L-arginine and L- NNA.
In the present work we evaluated the effect of ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) syndrome on resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents and lipid peroxidation level in the blood from brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.). Results showed that lipid peroxidation increased in erythrocytes, as evidenced by high thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels. Compared to control group, the resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents was significantly lower in UDN-positive fish. Besides, UDN increased the percent of hemolysated erythrocytes subjected to the hydrochloric acid, urea and hydrogen peroxide. Results showed that UDN led to an oxidative stress in erythrocytes able to induce enhanced lipid peroxidation level, as suggested by TBARS level and decrease of erythrocytes resistance to haemolytic agents.
Antioxidant defence system (activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase), and free radical modification of lipids were determined in the gills from male and female brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN). In both males and females, lipid oxidation in the gills from UDN-affected trout showed higher values as compared to the respective control. UDN induced an increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels both in the gills of males and females. UDN caused a decrease in gill antioxidant enzyme activities. This might be due to inactivation of the abovementioned enzymes by the end products of lipid peroxidation. The importance of the glutathionemediated antioxidant defence system in protection against UDN-induced oxidative stress was demonstrated.
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, K, Zn, Cd, and Pb upon enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ceruloplasmine (CP) diurnal and nocturnal activity, and the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and their interaction with free radicals, in the blood of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia), an altricial bird, during postnatal development, in polluted areas (copper manufacture) and in control environments. The age of chicks examined from an output from an egg was increased from 19 to 54 days. Samples of investigated wing venous blood were taken for AAS analyses of element concentration. We collected blood samples via veni-puncture of the brachial vein of chicks. We have stated significant interactions between Cd, Ca, and Mg, and TBARS, SOD, CAT, and CP activ­ity. Interaction with Fe, Na, K, Zn, and Pb were not significant. We observed regularities in the course of re­lationships in the case of Cd; interactions of Cd-enzyme activity were negative in the control environment, both during the day time and at night. The prevalence of cd participation in element-enzymes interaction takes place. Ca- and Mg-relationships were more differential; Ca-enzymes interactions were significant only during the day in polluted environments and all of them were positive. Relations with Mg were posi­tive during the day and negative at night, but significant in polluted areas only. We conclude that physiological activity of antioxidant systems SOD, CAT, and CP, and content of TBARS-active products are determined by concentrations of physiological elements and toxic heavy met­als. These groups of elements influenced enzymatic activity both through excess and deficiency of their concentration in the environment. Simultaneously, we have not stated significant interactions with other microelements, thus we can conclude about their lack of important interactions on enzymatic activity.
Eighty individuals of migratory brown trout (Salmo trutta trutta) from the River Słupia (Central Pomerania) during spawning were studied. The liver, muscles, and heart from 13 healthy males and 26 healthy females (control group) as well as from 23 males and 18 females with ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN; study group) were collected directly after catch of the fish. Our investigations showed that UDN coincides with the functioning of antioxidative system defences. The pathophysiological mechanism of UDN impact is connected with a decrease in the most important antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and total antioxidant activity of muscles, liver, and heart. Increases in oxidative stress markers and intensity of lipid peroxidation level caused by UDN are suggested.
The aim of the study was to estimate beneficial effects of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, on antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ceruloplasmine), the lipid peroxidation processes level and parameters of membrane erythrocytes resistance before and after lead intoxication in rats with different resistance to hypoxia. Our results suggest that the antioxidant system enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation processes level in animals which differ in sensitiveness to hypoxia, are higher in animals with low resistance to hypoxia in the control group. We have shown that the amino acid, L-arginine, is an efficient antioxidant capable of reducing the level of lipid peroxidation processes in blood of lead-preexposed rats. L-arginine treatment under lead intoxication caused alteration in antioxidant enzymes activity due to increasing the enzymes activity of glutathione system, especially in animals with low resistance to hypoxia. The influence of L-arginine under lead intoxication was investigated to ascertain whether this amino acid possesses antioxidant properties before lead injection (preventive effect) and whether L-arginine has therapeutic effects by treatment after lead intoxication. We have shown a significant protective effect of L-arginine under treatment with a preventive effect before lead intoxication. These studies suggest that L-arginine may be a useful drug in treatment under lead intoxication.
The aim of this study was to compare ecophysiological basis for developing feral pigeons (Columba livia f. urbana) in various environments of Northern Poland. We examined heavy metals contents, lipid and protein peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes activity in individuals growing and feeding in the different polluted regions. Pigeons from urban area possessed high maintenance of cadmium in the blood, but low lead in comparison to birds from rural area. Our results suggest that increased level of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) in the blood of pigeons from different regions of Northern Poland tended to affect negatively initiate lipid peroxidation and increased oxidative modified protein content. Our results suggest that increased level of oxidative stress in birds is dependent upon environmental pollution. Statistical analysis (ANOVA and GLM) has shown that colony localization (urban or rural areas) modified antioxidative defense system, level of lipid and protein peroxidation, and blood total antioxidant activity.
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