Our work concerns of the determinants that affect the management of municipal waste in sustainable regional development in Poland by analyzing the adequacy of income covering the costs of the new legal environmental waste management systems. We also present the results of research on the impact on local residents and the environment of the largest landfill in Europe, demonstrating a small influence on the life and health of local residents. This impact was much more correlated with smoking. We analyzed the choice of method for calculating charges for waste disposal and discuss the consequences of the introduction of the different options.