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Proteomic analyses of seed germination, a complex physiological process is not yet explored in leguminous plants. Such study has been undertaken to reveal the variations that occur in cotyledonary proteins during seed gemination of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek).Cotyledonswere harvested for protein extraction and two dimensional gel electrophoreses at two developmental stages (I and II) of seed germination. Comparative qualitative and quantitative analyses between these two stages revealed differential expressions and de novo appearance or disappearance of proteins. Seventy-four proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and MS/MS and categorized according to their functions including metabolism and energy production, stress related, protein processing, transcription, storage etc. Majority of these proteins are associated with metabolisms indicating that cotyledons acquire an active metabolic state during seed germination. Many of the identified proteins were enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism and those of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle etc. A pathway illustrating starch synthesis/breakdown, degradation of sucrose and the fates of reducing sugars in the germinating mungbean cotyledons has been elucidated. Predominance of antioxidant enzymes can be attributed to combat with reactive oxygen species generated due to active metabolism. Thus, the study comprehensively dealt with mechanisms of stored reserve mobilization and the roles of additional cotyledonary proteins of mungbean essential for successful seed germination and seedling development.
The effect of arsenate and selenate, either alone or in combination, on plant growth and nitrogen metabolism was studied in wheat seedlings. The root-shoot elongation and the biomass production were significantly decreased with increasing arsenate concentrations. Arsenate toxicity severely affected activities of different antioxidant scavenging enzymes and oxidative stress markers in the test seedlings. The activities of nitrate and nitrite reductase were also affected resulting in reduced nitrate and nitrite contents. Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities were also reduced, whereas the glutamate dehydrogenase activity was substantially increased resulting in an increased accumulation of ammonium contents in the test seedlings. Arsenate treatments also adversely affected the levels of total and soluble nitrogen contents and free amino acid contents. Combined application of arsenate with selenate in the test seedlings showed significant alterations in all parameters tested under the purview of arsenate treatment alone leading to better growth and nitrogen metabolism.
The amount of rainfall received over an area is an important factor in assessing availability of water to meet various demands for agriculture, industry, irrigation, generation of hydroelectricity and other human activities. Over the study period of recent 30 years, trend values of monsoon average rainfall in Chittagong have increased. This paper has measured the correlation coefficients between rainfall and time for Chittagong, where correlation coefficient for Chittagong is positive. In order to check the strength of linear relationship between rainfall and time, P-value has been measured. Due to various factors of Chittagong region of Bangladesh, there is a growing need to study the rainfall, temperature and humidity pattern. This study was checked annual average rainfall of 30 years, temperature of 60 years and humidity of 28 years for this region. It is hoped that this research may be of help to the concerned organizations and experts working on increasing climate variation in Chittagong.
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