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Effect of extraction conditions on the extractability of phenolic compounds from lyophilised fig fruits (Ficus carica L.)

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Bucic-Kojic A., Planinic M., Tomas S., Jokic S., Mujic I., Bilic M., Velic D.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
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2011
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tom 61
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nr 3
In this work the infl uence of 50–80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol and the temperature of extraction (25–80°C) on the extractability of total phenolics, total fl avonoids and total proanthocyanidins from different fi g fruits was investigated. The best extraction conditions (80%, v/v aqueous ethanol, 80°C) obtained in the experiments with lyophilised Ficus carica L. cv. Šaraguja were used while performing the extraction of phenolic compounds from other fi g varieties (Bružetka bijela, Crnica, Bjelica and Termenjača). The antioxidant capacity was measured in all fi g fruits as well. It has been shown that the temperature of extraction and ethanol to water ratio have a statistically signifi cant infl uence on the extraction of phenolic compounds from fi g fruits variety Šaraguja. The highest content of phenolic compounds was found in fi g variety Crnica while the lowest one in fi g variety Bjelica. According to the results obtained in this study, fi g fruits can be considered as a natural source of phenolic compounds with good antioxidant capacity.
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Determination of pesticides, heavy metals, radioactive substances, and antibiotic residues in honey

100%
Mujic I., Alibabic V., Jokic S., Galijasevic E., Jukic D., Sekulja D., Bajramovic M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2011
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tom 20
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nr 3
During the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina a large number of chemicals were released into the environment. This research was conducted to evaluate the health safety of honey (meadow, chestnut, acacia, amphorae, and honeydew) produced at 18 different locations in the region of Una-Sana Canton in the northwestern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We determined the pesticides, heavy metals, radioactive elements, and antibiotic residues in 46 honey samples. The content of pesticides and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As) were not found, and the concentration of Cu, Fe, Zn in all honey samples was in accordance with EU standards. Statistically significant differences (ANOVA) in honey samples were found according to concentrations of Cu (0.09-0.18 mg/kg), Fe (0.29-0.92 mg/kg), and Zn (0.18-1.38 mg/kg). The radionuclide content was determined by means of low-level (<5 Bq/kg), using high-resolution gamma-spectroscopy (¹³⁷Cs). Antibiotic residues were carried out by disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay and all honey samples were negative. The results of this work indicate that this area is not polluted and is suitable for the development of beekeeping.
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