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1

Applications of system analysis techniques in Solid Waste Management assessment

100%
Kadafa A. A., Manaf L. A., Sulaiman W. N. A., Abdullah S. H.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2014
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tom 23
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nr 4
Solid waste management (SWM) is a global issue and has proven to be a key challenge facing many developing countries. SWM constitutes a crucial health and environmental problem. Most cities spend 20-50% of their annual budget on solid waste management, but only 20-80% of the waste is collected. Due to the diversity of different system components that need to be addressed and the inability of a single tool to assess all components, it has necessitated the need for an integrative approach to SWM issues. Recently more integrative techniques and methods are being utilized to address the different issues that arise in solid waste management as a whole. One technique or method is inefficient and cannot encompass all components of a solid waste management system. This paper looks into the different system analysis techniques that have been applied in SWM and shows system engineering tools have a wide and diverse application, require less data, and are quite cost effective when compared to the system assessment tool, which requires a wide and diverse range of data to be applicable and reliable. The system engineering tools when applied do not reflect the actual scenario for assessment and are quite difficult to implement practically. The system engineering tools are very reliable with regard to choosing options and stimulation of a scenario. System assessment tool seem more realistic, practically applicable for the decision makers and analysis/assessment using system assessment tools can easily be understood and simplified. An integration of engineering and system assessment tools seems more appropriate for obtaining a holistic assessment.
2

Assessment of municipal solid waste composition in Malaysia: management, practice and challenges

100%
Badgie D., Samah M. A. A., Manaf L. A., Muda A. B.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2012
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tom 21
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nr 3
Malaysia is faced with daunting challenges related to solid waste management. Due to an increase in population, economic growth, inadequate enforcement of waste legislation, infrastructure, and public attitude among others, solid waste management is considered a crucial issue in Malaysia, particularly in urban settings. This paper gives an overview of solid waste management in Malaysian with the aim of presenting the state of waste generation, composition, management practices, and problems with regards to environmental, economic, and other ramifications from previous records. In general, the total waste generated in Malaysia is estimated to be 7 million tons in 2000, with an annual increase of 3%. This is due to many factors such as urban migration, affluence, and rapid development. This circumstance requires greater focus to be in placed on managing solid waste and mitigating the negative public and environmental effects. Presently, management of solid waste is carried out by the Ministry of Housing and local government, with the support of the private sector. This new holistic approach initiated addressing the solid waste issue, taking into account public health and environmental concerns with an emphasis on reduction, reuse, and recycling before reaching final stage – disposal at landfill, and this to certain extent has a greater potential in addressing SWM problems in Malaysia.
3

High Solid anaerobic co-digestion of household organic waste with cow manure for mass and energy recovery

88%
Khairuddin N., Manaf L. A., Hassan M. A., Halimoon N., Ghani W. A. W. A. K.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2016
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tom 25
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nr 4
This paper describes a batch study on four different mixture ratios of household organic waste and cow manure. The biomethane potential test is used to evaluate the suitability of high solid anaerobic co-digestion of household organic waste and cow manure and its biodegradability. The maximum methane yield was observed for both co-digestions in R3 (247 mL/g VS) and R4 (244 mL/g VS). The percentages of mass recovery were 65-80% (based on VS removal). The biodegradability of each reactor was recorded as 97.7%, 10.7%,71.6% and 76.8% for R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively. High solid co-digestion of household organic waste and cow manure in different mixture ratios increase the specific methane yields compared to mono-digestion. Hence, this clearly demonstrates a synergistic effect on the stability of anaerobic digestion. Upon correcting the results of the theoretical method with experimental data, an agreement ranged 70-90% was achieved.
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