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Ordovician ostracods from East Central Iran

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Ordovician ostracods are described for the first time from Iran, enhancing the record of this group from the Lower Palaeozoic of the Middle East. The ostracods occur in the Shirgesht Formation, in the east central part of the country, and comprise Ogmoopsis achaemenid sp. nov., Cerninella aryana sp. nov., Ordovizona amyitisae sp. nov., cf. Aechmina? ventadorni, Vogdesella sp., and podocope taxa tentatively identified as species of Longiscula, Pullvillites, and Rectella. These taxa were hitherto unknown from this region. The ostracod−bearing interval is associated with trilobites (Neseuretinus) and brachiopods (Nicolella) that suggest a late Middle Ordovician age. Although the ostracod fauna is small, it demonstrates biogeographical links at genus−level, and possibly at species−level, with the fauna of the late Middle Ordovician Travesout Formation of western France, which also lay in a peri−Gondwanan palaeogeographical setting. It also suggests the potential use of some ostracods as stratigraphical tools for correlating Ordovician rock successions between Europe and the Middle East.
This paper provides the first comprehensive review and detailed documentation of available information on the distribution and occurrence of bats in Lao PDR. Information was gathered from literature records, survey data, and museum collections. Detailed locality information, by province (with co-ordinates where available) and maps, along with details on specimens or published references are provided for each species. Based on these records, the bat checklist for Lao PDR comprises 90 species of seven families: Pteropodidae (nine species), Emballonuridae (three species), Megadermatidae (two species), Rhinolophidae (16 species), Hipposideridae (11 species), Vespertilionidae (47 species) and Molossidae (two species). Many of these records have not been previously published and several corrections are provided to previously published records, based on revised identifications as well as new taxonomic information. Nevertheless, many gaps remain in the information available on the bats of Lao PDR. No records were available from two provinces, and many species known from adjacent countries have not yet been documented in Lao PDR; thus, it is anticipated that the species list will increase with further field research.
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Silurian myodocope ostracods from Poland

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Newly collected material reveals that the Silurian myodocope ostracods from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland comprise ten species (one new to science) belonging to four families: Bolbozoidae, Entomozoidae, Rhomboentomozoidae, and Cypridinidae. Biostratigraphic control using graptolites indicates that all three Polish outcrops investigated are of about the same chronostratigraphical level: middle Gorstian, lower Ludlow. The new occurrences in Poland extend the known distribution of several species and reinforce data that show many Silurian myodocope species with wide dispersal. Our new observations on the Holy Cross Mountains material confirm that the occurrences of Silurian myodocopes are mostly associated with pelagic animals and with rocks ranging from mudstone, siltstone or shale deposited in open- or deep-shelf marine settings. The cosmopolitan distribution of these ostracods, coupled with their facies and faunal associations, supports the notion of an ostracod (myodocope) ecological shift from benthic to planktonic habitats during the late Wenlock and Ludlow.
Ichthyosaurs rapidly diversified and colonised a wide range of ecological niches during the Early and Middle Triassic period, but experienced a major decline in diversity near the end of the Triassic. Timing and causes of this demise and the subsequent rapid radiation of the diverse, but less disparate, parvipelvian ichthyosaurs are still unknown, notably because of inadequate sampling in strata of latest Triassic age. Here, we describe an exceptionally large radius from Lower Jurassic deposits at Penarth near Cardiff, south Wales (UK) the morphology of which places it within the giant Triassic shastasaurids. A tentative total body size estimate, based on a regression analysis of various complete ichthyosaur skeletons, yields a value of 12-15 m. The specimen is substantially younger than any previously reported last known occurrences of shastasaurids and implies a Lazarus range in the lowermost Jurassic for this ichthyosaur morphotype.
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