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Determinants of seasonal changes in streamwater chemistry in small catchments with different land use: case study from Poland`s Carpathian Foothills

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Zelazny M., Siwek J. P.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

2012

tom 21

nr 3

Our paper aims at identifying factors that determine seasonal changes in streamwater chemistry in three catchments with different land use (woodland, agricultural, mixed-use) in the Carpathian Foothills in southern Poland. The study involved weekly and biweekly water sampling in the 2003 and 2004 hydrological years and the analysis of specific conductivity (SC), pH, main ions, and nutrients. R-mode factor analysis was used to identify four factors: (i) streamflow, (ii) climate seasonality, (iii) water circulation, and (iv) nitrification processes. Despite the fact that the same environmental factors were identified in all three catchments, some factors produce a different type of ion response in different types of catchments. The streamflow factor produces the same changes in geologically controlled parameters (SC, main ions) in all catchments but different changes in nutrient concentrations in the woodland and agricultural catchments. In the woodland catchment, nutrients come primarily from diffuse sources (soil flushing), while in the agricultural catchment, nutrients come primarily from point sources (sewage) as result of unregulated wastewater management. The climate factor primarily controls the concentrations of nutrients. High temperatures during the vegetation season usually correlate with increases in nutrient concentrations, especially that of PO₄³⁻. This atypical phenomenon is seldom reported in the literature, especially in relation to woodland catchments. The third factor is associated with water circulation in the catchment under different hydrological conditions - during flood events and during low-flow periods. The fourth factor is most likely associated with nitrification processes.

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Wpływ wylesień na krótkoterminowe zmiany składu chemicznego wody w zlewni Potoku Malinowskiego (Beskid Śląski)

80%

Kosmowska A., Zelazny M., Malek S., Siwek J. P.

Sylwan

2015

tom 159

nr 09

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of deforestation caused by environmental pollution on the chemical composition of stream waters draining the small catchments located in the Skrzyczne massif (Beskid Śląski, southern Poland). In the 1950−60s this area was subjected to heavy anthropogenic pressure with excessive deposition of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. It resulted in the damage to the stands and deforestation of the ridge fragments of the studied area. The study was conducted in the catchment of the Malinowski Stream and its two subcatchments: forested and deforested in 2013. Waters of the studied streams characterized by low conductivity and mineralization. In the ridge subcatchments they were slightly acidic and in the main catchment – slightly alkaline. In all catchments anions were predominated by sulfates – with the largest in the deforested catchment (31% mval/L). Also nitrates had very large share in the structure of the chemical composition of water, particularly in the forested catchment (15% mval/L). Interestingly, there were low levels of bicarbonates, particularly in the ridge catchments, with their share lower than sulfates and nitrates. Cations in all streams were predominated by calcium. The structure of the chemical composition of water of the Malinowski Stream, expressed by the average share of individual ions was as follows: SO4−HCO3−NO3−Cl−F−Ca−Na−Mg−K−NH4, and in the case of streams draining small ridge catchments: – SO4−NO3−HCO3−Cl−F−Ca−Na−Mg−K−NH4. Conductivity of water decreased together with increased water levels in streams during floods. In the deforested catchment this decrease was more evident. The reaction of nitrate concentration to the increase in water level was however different, as in the stream draining the forested catchment it decreased sharply, while in the deforested catchment it decreased slightly or remained at the similar level. In the dry periods the chemical composition of waters of the examined streams were subject to far less change than during the floods, with the changes of e.g. conductivity being much higher in the stream draining the forested catchment.

Wpływ wiatrołomu i degradacji drzewostanu na zróżnicowanie chemizmu wód w zlewni Potoku Kościeliskiego w obszarze Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego

51%

Zelazny M., Siwek J. P., Fidelus J., Stanczyk T., Siwek J., Rutkowska A., Kruk P., Wolanin A., Jelonkiewicz L.

Sylwan

2017

tom 161

nr 01

The study focused on the effects of deforestation by heavy winds and tree stand damage produced by bark beetle invasion on water chemistry of mountainous catchment of Kościeliski Stream in the Tatra National Park (southern Poland). 200 samples of stream and spring water were collected in three series: in July, August and October 2015. Water samples obtained from areas characterized by tree stand damage caused by heavy winds were found to have much higher mean concentration of nitrate (15.44 mg/L) as well as a much higher overall mean nitrate content (3.44% mval/L) than samples obtained from non−deforested areas (3.26 mg/L and 0.78% mval/L). The increase in nitrate concentration and its share in overall water chemistry was high enough that the anion sequence for the deforested areas became altered from HCO3>SO4>NO3>Cl to HCO3>NO3>SO4>Cl. The mean change in water nitrate concentration in areas with tree stands damaged by the bark beetle was smaller (6.17 mg/L; 1.60% mval/L) than that for areas deforested by wind. The concentration of NO3– in stream water in deforested areas varied more than that in stream water in non−deforested areas.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Sylwan

1 Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

3 Siwek J. P.

3 Zelazny M.

1 Fidelus J.

1 Jelonkiewicz L.

1 Kosmowska A.

1 Kruk P.

1 Malek S.

1 Rutkowska A.

1 Siwek J.

1 Stanczyk T.

1 Wolanin A.

1 2017

1 2015

1 2012

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Determinants of seasonal changes in streamwater chemistry in small catchments with different land use: case study from Poland`s Carpathian Foothills

Wpływ wylesień na krótkoterminowe zmiany składu chemicznego wody w zlewni Potoku Malinowskiego (Beskid Śląski)

Wpływ wiatrołomu i degradacji drzewostanu na zróżnicowanie chemizmu wód w zlewni Potoku Kościeliskiego w obszarze Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego