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1

Where are the alien species? Predictions of global plant species invasions under current environmental conditions and the human footprint

100%
Wang Y., Xu Z.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2016
|
tom 25
|
nr 4
Species invasion is a significant concern because of its substantial effect on native ecosystems. A number of species-specific invasion predictions that correspond to environmental conditions are available, but literature predicting global species invasion that corresponds to environmental conditions and human activity is scarce. In this study, the potential geographic ranges of 308 alien plant species were predicted under current environmental conditions and human activities. Environmental conditions were delineated by bioclimatic (mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, mean temperature of wettest quarter, and precipitation of driest quarter) and topographic variables (annual solar radiation and topographic wetness index). Human activity was delineated by the human footprint, which is a raster data layer created from nine global data layers that describe human population pressure, land use and infrastructure, and human access. The potential distribution of the target species was predicted using the different types of models. By searching the correlated literature, we identified and excluded the native geographic range of the studied species in the predicted geographic range to obtain the exclusive invasive range. Results demonstrated that the invasion hotspots included the southern part of North America, Southern and Western Europe, the south coast of Asia, coastal regions of Australia and New Zealand, the coast of West Africa, the Ivory Coast of Africa, and the southern part of Brazil. In addition, the land areas of the low- (proper for less than 50 alien species), moderate- (51-100 aliens), and high-risk regions (more than 100 aliens) are 213.23, 18.15, and 2.50 million km2, respectively. All variables (bioclimatic and topographic variables and human footprint) were positively correlated with increasing richness of alien species. The highest correlation coefficient was obtained for the human footprint.
2

The relationship between leaf and ecosystem CO2 exchanges in a maize field

81%
Xu Z., Zhou G., Han G., Li Y.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2018
|
tom 40
|
nr 08
3

Numerical analysis of three-dimensional infiltration in a municipal solid waste landfill under rainfall

81%
Yang R., Xu Z., Chai J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2020
|
tom 29
|
nr 2
4

A review of characteristics of landfilled municipal solid waste in several countries: physical composition, unit weight, and permeability coefficient

81%
Yang R., Xu Z., Chai J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 6
The characteristics of landfilled municipal solid waste have great influence on the design, operation, and management of landfills, affecting settlement, slope stability, and leachate/gas well integrity. Through analysis and study we observed that the landfill method is widely used to dispose of municipal solid waste (MSW), especially in developing countries. The research results of MSW landfill properties are different due to waste inhomogeneity. In this paper, MSW physical composition, unit weight, and permeability coefficient of landfills in several countries were reviewed and discussed. Landfilled MSW has strong regional and temporal characteristics. Landfilled MSW of developing countries has high organic content ranges from 75.00% to 97.15%. The organic contents in landfills of most developed regions are relatively small. The unit weight ranged from 4.9-17.8 kN/m³ and the permeability coefficient ranged from 3.5×10⁻² cm/sec to 5.0×10⁻⁸ cm/sec within 60 m. In the process of waste degradation, MSW physical composition, unit weight, and permeability coefficient are changed. Waste classification improves the recovery and utilization of landfill and reduces the amount of waste, which affects the characteristics of landfilled MSW. Thus, strengthening waste classification, recycling, and recovery of MSW is significant and meaningful for construction, operation, and management of landfills.
5

Species distribution models to estimate the deforested area of Picea crassifolia in arid region recently protected: Qilian Mts. National Natural Reserve (China)

81%
Xu Z., Zhao C., Feng Z.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2012
|
tom 60
|
nr 3
The earth is now facing the land degradation due to human disturbance, natural habitats were converted to rural and agricultural areas in order to fulfill the increasing demand of human population. The deforestation of Picea crassifolia (Qinghai spruce) forest at Qilian Mts is an example of such disturbance. P. crassifolia is an ecologically and hydrologically important plant species in the northwestern arid area of China. However, the forests have been intensively and extensively deforested. In order to restore the human-disturbed ecosystems, the spatial distribution of P. crassifolia needs to be delineated. This study employed Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction model (GARP) and Maximum entropy model (Maxent) and four environmental variables (mean temperature of the warmest quarter, precipitation of the wettest quarter, annual solar radiation, topographic wetness index) to predict the potential distribution of P. crassifolia in Qilian Mts. Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction model (GARP) produces a model of species niches in geographic space based on heterogeneous rule-sets. Maximum entropy model (Maxent) focuses on fitting a probability distribution for occurrence based on the idea that the best explanation to unknown phenomena will maximize the entropy of the probability distribution, subject to the appropriate constraints. The environmental variables were spatially interpolated throughout the entire study area. We used sensitivity-specificity sum maximum approach to select the threshold value. The projected niche space for the mean temperature of the warmest quarter is between 8.5 and 18.1°C; the space for the precipitation of the wettest quarter is between 149 and 245 mm; the space for annual solar radiation is 118–1100×103 wh m–2 and the space for topographic wetness index is between –0.4 and 5.1. The results show that both GARP and Maxent’s models produce acceptable predictions, but the overall comparison shows that GARP prediction is better than Maxent’s; the comparison between the observed distribution and the predicted distribution suggests that 61% (2869 km2) of P. crassifolia forests have been deforested.
6

Soil C:P ratio along elevational gradients in Picea schrenkiana forest of Tianshan Mountains

81%
Cao Y., Wang Y., Xu Z.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2018
|
tom 66
|
nr 4
Forest soils potentially store a large pool of carbon and phosphorus. A deep understanding of the total carbon and phosphorus stock in forest soils is vital in the assessment of the nutrients dynamics in forest ecosystems. This study examined the effects of elevation, soil depth, and climatic variables, specifically mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP), on soil carbon and organic phosphorus in Schrenk's spruce (Picea schrenkiana) forest at Tianshan Mountains. Results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) significantly increased while organic phosphorus decreased with elevation. Interestingly, carbon increased faster with increasing elevation in the alluvial horizon than in the leached horizon, demonstrating the important role of deep soils in carbon sequestration potential. SOC concentration decreased with soil depth, whereas phosphorus concentration initially decreased and then increased. SOC had no significant relationships with MAT and MAP, whereas phosphorus concentration decreased with MAT. Similar to the impacts of MAT and MAP on SOC, these two climatic variables also exerted no significant influence on C:P ratio.
7

Morphological and molecular characterization of Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) lophii (Wu, 1949) (Nematoda, Anisakidae) from marine fishes from China, with a key to the species of the subgenus Ichthyascaris

81%
Xu Z., Zhang L.-P., Liu B.-C., Li L.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2012
|
tom 57
|
nr 3
The little known ascaridoid nematode Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) lophii (Wu, 1949) is redescribed and illustrated based on newly collected specimens from the five different marine fishes: Lophius litulon (Jordan) (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae), Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl) (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae), Antennarius hispidus (Bloch et Schneider) (Lophiiformes: Antennaridae), Zeus faber Linnaeus (Zeiformes: Zeidae) and Ostichthys japonicus (Cuvier) (Beryciformes: Holocentridae) from the East and South China Sea. This species differs from all congeners in the subgenus Ichthyascaris by the length of the ventricular appendix (0.52–0.98 mm long), the number and arrangement of caudal papillae (26–32 pairs of precloacal, 3–4 pairs of paracloacal and 8–11 pairs of postcloacal) and the length of the spicules (0.49–0.88 mm long, representing 3.08–4.70% of body length). In addition, nematodes collected from these five different fishes have been characterized using molecular methods by sequencing and analysing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA. No variation in size and nucleotide polymorphisms is detected within the target sequence among all samples analysed. These data contribute to facilitate an accurate diagnosis of this poorly known nematode. An identification key to the species of the subgenus Ichthyascaris is also provided.
8

Hysterothylacium gibsoni sp. nov. and H. tetrapteri (Bruce et Cannon, 1989) (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from the Chinese marine fishes

81%
Xu Z., Li L., Zhang L.-P.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2014
|
tom 59
|
nr 2
A new species of ascaridoid nematode, Hysterothylacium gibsoni sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected from the intestine of the slender lizardfish Saurida elongata (Temminck et Schlegel) (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae) in the Yellow Sea, China. The new species differs from its congeners by its small body size (12.8–13.2 mm), the absence of cervical alae, a very short intestinal caecum (representing 8.86–9.52% of oesophageal length) and a long ventricular appendix (intestinal caecum to ventricular appendix ratio 1:15.3–20.0), short spicules (0.38–0.41 mm, representing 2.97–3.11% of body length), the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae (25–28 pairs arranged as follows: 18–22 pairs precloacal, 3 pairs paracloacal, and 3–4 pairs postcloacal). In addition, Hysterothylacium tetrapteri (Bruce et Cannon, 1989) is also redescribed based on the material collected from the striped marlin Kajikia audax (Philippi) (Perciformes: Istiophoridae) in the South China Sea.
9

Morphological and molecular characterization of Cucullanus hainanensis sp. nov. (Ascaridida: Cucullanidae) from Muraenichthys gymnopterus (Bleeker) (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) in the South China Sea

81%
Xu Z., Zhang L.-P., Li L.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2014
|
tom 59
|
nr 4
Cucullanus hainanensis sp. nov., collected from Muraenichthys gymnopterus (Bleeker) (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) in the South China Sea, was described using both light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species can be readily distinguished from its congeners by the large pseudobuccal capsule, the position of excretory pore and deirids, the length of spicules (0.64–0.76 mm, 5.84–6.67% of body length) and gubernaculum (0.21–0.24 mm), the number and arrangement of caudal papillae and the particular morphology of cloacal region in male. The new species was also characterized using molecular methods by sequencing and analysing the small subunit (18S) and the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). In addition, Cucullanus muraenesocis (Yin et Zhang, 1983) was regarded a homonym of C. muraenesocis Yamaguti, 1961, and a new name, Cucullanus wangi nom. nov. was given to it.
10

Morphological and molecular characterization of Cucullanus bourdini Petter et Le Bel, 1992 (Ascaridida: Cucullanidae) from the yellowback fusilier Caesio xanthonota Bleeker (Perciformes: Caesionidae)

81%
Xu Z., Chen H.-X., Ju H.-D., Li L.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2017
|
tom 62
|
nr 1
11

Predicting current and future invasion of Solidago canadensis: a study from China

81%
Xu Z., Peng H., Feng Z., Abdulsalih N.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2014
|
tom 62
|
nr 2
Solidago canadensis, which is native to North America, is considered to be the most widespread invasive alien plant. The invasion of Solidago canadensis in China has resulted in serious environmental problems. Therefore, understanding the relationship between the geographical distribution of S. canadensis and bioclimatic variables, and then predicting the potential distribution of this species is essential for management actions and practices. Although several studies have delineated the potential distribution of S. canadensis in China, how this species would respond to variations in future climatic conditions remains unclear. In the present study, we predicted the potential distribution of S. canadensis under current and future climatic conditions using species distribution models. We also analyzed range shifting of this species under current and future climatic conditions. We arrived at several conclusions. First, the potential distribution of S. canadensis may expand 40% under future climatic condition compare with that of under current condition. Second, mean diurnal range, isothermality, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, mean temperature of the warmest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, and precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation) are key bioclimatic variables in determine the potential distribution of S. canadensis. Third, expansion of S. canadensis can be partly attributed to the relatively warmer and wetter future bioclimatic condition than current one.
12

A new species of genus Hysterothylacium Ward et Magath, 1917 [Nematoda, Anisakidae] from Liparis tanakae [Scorpaeniformes, Liparidae] from the Yellow Sea, China

81%
Li L., Xu Z., Zhang L.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2007
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
A new anisakid nematode, Hysterothylacium liparis sp. nov., is described from the intestine and stomach of the fish, Liparis tanakae (Gilbert et Burke, 1912) (Scorpaeniformes, Liparidae), a fish endemic to the Yellow Sea, China. The new species can be distinguished from the congeners by the absence of lateral alae, the length of the intestinal caecum (1.94–3.35 mm, 58.84–82.47% of oesophageal length), the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae (20–29 precloacal subventral pairs, 1 adcloacal pair and 4 postcloacal pairs), the size of the spicules (1.94–3.74 mm, 4.85–7.30% of body length) and the morphology of the tail tip. This is the first species of adult ascaridoid nematodes to be reported from fishes of the family Liparidae in northern China.
13

The characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution of PM2.5 in Henan Province, China

71%
Wang M., Cao J., Giu C., Xu Z., Song D.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2017
|
tom 26
|
nr 6
PM₂.₅ is the top issue of air pollution in Henan Province in China, especially in autumn and winter. In order to investigate its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, monitoring data were collected in 17 cities and analyzed by using statistical methods and GIS tools. The results show that 57.16% of the entire days in 2015 met Chinese the national standard on the daily average concentration of PM₂.₅ in those 17 cities. However, 73.68% of the days in winter, 44.37% of the days in spring, 34.53% of the days in autumn, and 20.08% of the days in summer failed to meet the standard. Analysis shows the average concentration of PM₂.₅ on weekends was 8.04% higher than that of working days. The fact that the value of PM₂.₅/PM₁₀ was between 0.50 and 0.65 and that there was a high relevance between the PM₂.₅ concentration and SO₂ concentration suggests that the main air pollutants are coarse particles that are mainly released by coal burning. The positive correlation between PM₂.₅ and NO₂ reveals that vehicle exhaust emissions is another main reason for air pollution. Owing to the influence of the temperature and sunlight changes, the correlativity of PM₂.₅ concentrations and O₃ concentrations presents a remarkable difference in different seasons. The correlation coefficients are 0.003 for spring, 0.496**(p = 0.01) for summer, -0.353*(p = 0.05) for autumn, and -0.315*(p = 0.05) for winter, respectively. The method proposed in this paper has been verified and the research result is helpful for making relevant environmental policy.
14

Research on a carbon reduction optimization model for a megalopolis based on land - use planning and ICCLP method

71%
Wang Z.-s., Liu L., Xu Z., Li Z., Li Y.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2015
|
tom 24
|
nr 1
For the primary purpose of minimizing carbon dioxide emissions in a megalopolis, an optimization model that remarkably reduces carbon emissions for the megalopolis, which is based on the inexact chanceconstrained linear programming (ICCLP) method and incorporates interval linear programming (ILP), and chance constrained programming (CCP), has been constructed. The corresponding net emissions of carbon dioxide results in probability levels of default equalling pᵢ =0.01, 0.05, 0.1 are [1,383.379, 1,825.311]×10⁴, [1,357.728, 1,800.841]×10⁴, [1,338.671, 1,780.060]×10⁴ tons in the megalopolis in 2015. Besides, the areas of different types of carbon-sinkable land of various cities within planned regions are obtained. The volume of energy consumption of dominating energy consumption industries in planned regions equals [965.52, 1,136.79]×10⁴ tons, which is reduced by [14.97, 22.09]%, while the intensity of energy consumption is decreased by [18.00, 20.00]% compared with that in 2010. Meanwhile, the intensities of carbon emissions are reduced by 20.00%, 19.00%, and 18.08%, respectively, under the conditions of pᵢ =0.01, 0.05, 0.1. It meets the requirements that carbon intensity shall be cut down by 17.00% in 2015 compared with that in 2010, which was proposed by “The 12th Five-Year Initiative of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” The annual average GDP growth rate is 12.20%, reaching 9.79×10¹¹ yuan in total, higher than the expected annual growth rate of 10% in accordance with the development objective of “12th Five-Year” plan.
15

Air quality characteristics of China’s Bohai bay area

71%
Wang M., Liu Y., Gui C., Xu Z., Wu W.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2019
|
tom 28
|
nr 5
In recent years, with the rapid economic development of Bohai Economic bay area in China, the atmospheric environmental pollution problem has been of wide concern and has attracted great public attention. In this paper, the data of PM₁₀, SO₂, CO, NO₂, O₃ and PM₂.₅ in 12 cities located around the Bohai Bay area of China were collected in 2016. These 12 cities were divided into coastal and non-coastal areas according to distance from the sea. On the basis of data analysis, the air quality pollution and its distribution in the bay area were researched. The results indicated that the rates failing to comply with National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of PM₂.₅ were 6.39% and 34.15% in coastal cities and non-coastal cities, respectively, and the noncompliance rates of PM₁₀ were 12.84% and 28.96%, respectively, with O₃ exceeding 23.50% and 31.69%, respectively, and non-coastal cities were higher than the coastal cities. If complying with WHO’s concentration limit of PM₂.₅ (10 μg/m³), the number of noncompliance days is 7.4 times as high as that of NAAQS, and some cities could even not meet the standard throughout the year. There are significant differences between PM₂.₅ in coastal cities and non-coastal cities due to the air mass and its own industrial differences, while the difference on O₃ is not significant due to similar sources of pollution in the bay area. The pollution situation in the bay area showed that PM₂.₅ had heavy pollution in January, March, November and December, while the atmosphere in July, August and September was the least polluted and did not show the “weekend effect” due to the effects of the local economy. On the whole, there is still a serious problem of air pollution in the Bohai Bay area.
16
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Molecular cloning, expression, purification and osteoblasts proliferation activity of sika deer thymosin beta10

61%
Wang J., Liu M., Bai X., Zhang H., Xu Z., Zhao Y., Zhao D.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2017
|
tom 20
|
nr 4
17

Soil fauna significantly contributes to litter decomposition at low temperatures in the alpine/subalpine forests

61%
Tan B., Wu F., Yang W., Xu Z., Zhang L., Liu Y.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2015
|
tom 63
|
nr 3
Decomposition of litter is a crucial process in terrestrial ecosystems, determining global carbon budget and nutrient turnover. Soil faunas have been shown to accelerate the rates of litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Litter decomposition has recently been observed in winter in alpine/subalpine ecosystems, but the contribution of soil fauna to the decomposition process is not clear. Field experiment using litterbags was conducted in order to quantify the contributions of soil fauna to mass losses of fir (Abies faxoniana) and birch (Betula albosinensis) litters during a freeze-thaw season in three representative alpine/subalpine forests. The litterbags of mesh sizes 0.02 mm, 0.125 mm, 1.0 mm and 3.0 mm were placed on the forest floor in October 2010, and collected after each of the three stages of the freeze-thaw season: OF, the onset of freezing stage (26 October to December 31); DF, the deeply frozen stage (1 January to 4 March 2011); and TS, the thawing stage (5 March to 30 April 2011) over the entire 2010/2011 winter. Over the whole freeze-thaw period, the mass losses of fir litter were 11–12% (0.02 mm), 12–13% (0.125 mm), 14–15% (1.0 mm) and 17–19% (3.0 mm), and that of birch litter were 10–13% (0.02 mm), 12–15% (0.125 mm), 13–18% (1.0 mm) and 17–22% (3.0 mm), respectively, depending on the altitude. The mass losses caused by microfauna, mesofauna and macrofauna for the fir litter accounted for 6–9, 12–13 and 22–25%, respectively and that for the birch litter accounted for 8–11, 13–15 and 25–27%, respectively. Furthermore, the contributions of soil fauna to mass loss showed an increasing trend with increasing body size regardless of species at three stages of the freeze-thaw period. These results suggest that soil fauna contributes strongly to litter decomposition during the freeze-thaw period in alpine/subalpine regions.
18

Sex-related differences in physiological and ultrastructural responses of Populus cathayana to Ni toxicity

61%
Chen L., Zhang L., Tu L., Xu Z., Zhang J., Gao S.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2014
|
tom 36
|
nr 07
We used Populus cathayana, a native species with an extensive distribution in northern, central, and southwestern China, as a model species to detect the sex-specific differences in photosynthetic capacity, ultrastructure, nitrogen (N) metabolism, and nickel (Ni) accumulation and distribution in response to Ni stress. Exposure to 100 μM Ni²⁺ in a hydroponic system for 1 month significantly decreased the pigment content and the photosynthetic rate, caused visible impairment in cellular organelle structure, and induced obvious disturbance and imbalance in the N content of female plants, while male plants suffered a lower negative influence on all the above measured parameters. However, males accumulated a higher Ni concentration in both leaves and roots than females, while the transportation ratio of Ni from roots to shoots in males was slightly lower than that in females. Our results, therefore, suggest that males have a better tolerance capacity and a greater ability to remediate Ni-polluted soil than females. This greater tolerance capacity in males might be highly correlated with the better maintenance of N balance and more effective physiological detoxification responses (such as the response to proline) under Ni stress. The differences between the sexes in tolerance capacity to heavy metals should be verified after performing a field investigation using adult trees as materials in the future study.
19

Experimental research into the potential therapeutic effect of GYY4137 on Ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis

61%
Xu Z., Dai F., Cheng J., Lv M., Cheng J. W., Lin B. W.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters
|
2018
|
tom 23
Background: Evidence has shown that endogenous H2S plays an important role in the physiological and pathophysiological processes of many organs. The study aimed to explore whether exogenous H2S has a potential therapeutic effect on a rat ovariectomy-induced model of osteoporosis. Methods: The OVX osteoporosis model was established in female Sprague-Dawley rats by full bilateral ovariectomy. The rats were randomly divided into four groups, with the two experimental groups receiving an intraperitoneal injection of GYY4137 or sodium alendronate. The level of H2S in the plasma was determined and common laboratory indicators to diagnose osteoporosis, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the levels of osteocalcin (OCN), calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and leptin were measured. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The maximum stress of femoral fracture was obtained through a three-point bending test of the femur. Results: The OVX osteoporosis model was successfully established. GYY4137 was injected to increase the level of H2S in the plasma in one group, designated OVX-GYY during the observation period (p < 0.05). At 12 weeks, the BMD value of the fourth lumbar vertebra in the OVX-GYY group had increased (p < 0.05). The BMD femur value in the OVX-vehicle group had decreased (p < 0.05). Bilateral ovariectomy leads to biochemical disorders related to bone metabolism and hormone levels in rat plasma (all p < 0.05). Ovariectomy also reduced blood calcium, blood phosphate and calcitonin, and increased parathyroid hormone and leptin. The opposite results were obtained for the groups with alendronate sodium or GYY4137 treatment (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Through the slow release of H2S, GYY4137 did an excellent job of simulating endogenous neuroendocrine gaseous signaling molecules. Exogenous H2S had a regulatory effect on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats, showing potential value for the treatment of human postmenopausal osteoporosis.
20

Exogenous melatonin reduced blood pressure in late-term ovine fetus via MT1/MT2 receptor pathways

61%
Tao J., Lv J., Li W., Zhang P., Mao C., Xu Z.
Reproductive Biology
|
2016
|
tom 16
|
nr 3
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