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The time within which, accordingly to its application, machine works, and an object of work and working groups are under load, is the effective active time. The purpose of the research was the order statistics of effective active time of limbing and conversion at chainsaw use in two technology and two habitat variants. The effective active time of limbing and conversion of one tree was most frequently from 0.5 s to 10.49 s in variant in which the limbing included tree crowns and only thicker branches cutting and the conversion included rods meant for chipping. The strong tree’s branching in fresh mixed coniferous forest had influence on the prolonged limbing time. The share of S2a assortment in total volume of harvested wood had influence on the conversion time, besides the number of wood assortment cutting.
The time within which, accordingly to its application, machine works, and an object of work and working groups are under load, is the effective active time. The purpose of the research was the order statistics of effective active time of limbing and conversion at chainsaw use. The removed trees were moderately diversified from the point of view of effective active time of limbing and conversion. The negative skewness coefficient qualified the distribution of effective active time of limbing and conversion  as weak left-side asymmetry in variant 1 (the limbing included cutting of trees’ crowns and all branches). The positive skewness coefficient qualified the distribution of effective active time of limbing and conversion as weak right-side asymmetry in variant 2 (limbing included cutting of tree crowns and only thicker branches).
The new look at the forest economy takes into considerationmaximum protection of forest ecosystems, first of all. The purpose of the research was to estimate the influence of wood harvesting and skidding technologies on forest environment, particularly on soil and remained stand. The traditional wood harvesting and skidding technology (compact sawing machine, tractor with winch) was more friendly for soil environment than the newest technology (harwarder). Decrease of the negative influence of engineering wood harvesting and skidding process on forest environment is possible through application of both technologies and technical means correctly selected for the purpose. Besides, the operator’s practice is of a significant meaning.
The study attempts to assess the strategic position of the forest service sector companies based on the SWOT method. Positioning of the company development was done on the example of 49 companies, which are providing services for the forest management in Poznań, Piła and Szczecin Regional State Forest Directorates (western Poland). Data that enabled the analysis was obtained by the usage of the questionnaire method. The structure analysis of the respondents from the point of view of points assigned to the investigated factors and assessments of these factors was performed. The results showed that the vast majority of companies that were participating in the research was on the average and aggressor developmental position. The internal factors such as ‘work experience of human resources', ‘machines technical quality' and external factor such as ‘forest services contract principle' were the most important for the forest companies owners. ‘Leasing of forest machines' and ‘opportunity for action as consortiums' are said to bring about strengths, while ‘purchase of machinery by the State Forest', ‘business ethics', ‘increase of fuel prices' and ‘new competing companies' are considered as the main threats.
The time, within which accordingly to its application machine works, and an object of work and working groups are under load,is the effective active time. The purpose of the research was the classical and order statistics of effective active time of felling at use chainsaw. The average effective active time of felling of one tree was about 2 s. The cut trees were strong statistical diversified from the point of view of effective active time of felling. The positive skewness coefficient has confirmed, that statistical units with value of feature below arithmetic mean were prevailed – right-sided asymmetry.
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The article presents the essence and importance of internal audit as well as the incentives to use it in forest companies. The research utilizes the database of enterprises, which submitted their offers in the process of the best bid selection during the procedures of public procurement in the field of forestry (forest management, forest protection including fire prevention, timber harvest and loggong, soil preparation, nursery works and seed collection) for years 2012−2016 in Regional Directorate of the State Forest in Gdańsk (N Poland). The database consisted of 103 firms that participated in 75 tender procedures in 15 forest districts. Basing on the analysis of tenders for forest services, an activity of forest companies was assessed, with the emphasis on companies fulfilling the requirements of the Reliable Forest Enterprise certification. Furthermore, the tenders criteria were evaluated taking into account their number, type and weight. In the analyzed procedures following criteria were used: price, execution of works only by employed staff (logging and extraction, tree cutters and machinery operators as well as supervisors), fulfilling the requirements of Reliable Forest Enterprise certificate, supervisor with forestry education, experience of the company (value of completed services), and ownership of specialized equipment (multi−task machinery, horses). Certain weights were attributed to all of the above mentioned criteria. The analysis of companies activity showed, that the noticeable decrease in number of offers for tenders in 2016 is a reaction to a new tender criterion – Reliable Forest Enterprise certificate, with the assumed weight of 20%. Another relatively new criterion was the condition, that all persons used to carry out the forest works had to be contractually employed by the company. Both these criteria decreased the weight of price criterion by average 30% comparing to previous years. The presence of these new criteria increased the number of non−price criteria by average of 1 comparing to previous years, and contributed to the unification of non−price criteria used in Regional Directorate of the State Forest in Gdańsk.
The wood chips (product of chipping) can be assigned for production of particle and fibre boards. The object of the performed investigations was to determine fractions of industrial wood chips. The chips were harvested with chippers of various kinds. The determination of chips fractions was based on 5 fraction classes. In all the samples, fraction 10-35 mm was the most numerously represented. For all the experimental surfaces no statistical substantial differences between < 2 mm fraction and > 50 mm fraction were found. The results of fractions of industrial wood chips dimensions were up to Polish standards of industrial wood chips dimensions.
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