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History and current status of Polish gastroenterological pathology

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The present paper summarizes the contribution of Polish investigators to the development of gastroentrology, and especially pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. We called to mind meritorius scientifists among the 19th-century and modern pathologists. Especially interesting are discoveries of Browicz, being the first, who described thyphus bacilli and shortly after Kupffer - fagocytozing cells in the liver. Noteworthy are detailed description of tumorous lesions being the contribution to oncological pathology of the gastrointestinal tract as well as the reports on congenital malformations (i.e. esophageal fistulas). Moreover we remind the investigators dealing with pathology of gastric ulcer disease, its pathogenesis and mechanisms of healing. Of great importance was also the discovery of regeneration existing also outside the mucosal surfaces. In the paper, besides the above-mentioned Tadeusz Browicz investigations of professors: Lesniowski, Ciechanowski, Kowalczykowa, Stachura, Konturek are called to mind.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the energy, macronutrient an selected micronutrient intake of second league Rugby Union players and to assess the anthropometric characteristic of this group. Players (n = 44) were divided into forwards (n = 20) and backs (n = 24), who differed significantly in weight (92.6 vs 80.8 kg), BMI (28.6 vs 24.5 kg/m2) and percentage of body fat (22.0 vs 13.3%). The dietary intake was assessed using 3-day dietary recalls. There were no significant differences in dietary intake related to player position. Athletes reported a mean daily energy intake of 3613.4 ±942.6 kcal (carbohydrates 41.4%, protein 17.8%, fats 39.3%). The mean intake of carbohydrates and protein were on a level of 4.8 and 1.9 g/kg of body weight/day, respectively. Although the mean daily intake of minerals and vitamins met recommendations, some players did not reach the requirements, especially for potassium (61.4%) and vitamin C (22.7%). The differences in body compositions of the players suggest differences in the type of training and the specificity of the player’s position. These improper proportions of dietary nutrients within the study group may decrease opportunities to achieve optimum results during matches.
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