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A list of 74 species of the family Gracillariidae is given as a result of inventory studies carried out in the Skarpa Ursynowska reserve in Warsaw.
The androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor belonging to the family of nuclear receptors which mediates the action of androgens in the development of urogenital structures. AR expression is regulated post-translationally by the ubiquitin/proteasome system. This regulation involves more complex mechanisms than typical degradation. The ubiquitin/proteasome system may regulate AR via mechanisms that do not engage in receptor turnover. Given the critical role of AR in sexual development, this complex regulation is especially important. Deregulation of AR signalling may be a causal factor in prostate cancer development. AR is the main target in prostate cancer therapies. Due to the critical role of the ubiquitin/proteasome system in AR regulation, current research suggests that targeting AR degradation is a promising approach.
The paper presents data on the distribution of 24 species of tineid moths in Poland. The data were obtained based on a few methods of collecting of moths, mainly with use of artificial light and rearing of adults from decaying wood and bracket fungi inhabited by larvae. Nearly a dozen of species were recorded from particular regions of Poland for the first time. The study also revealed the new aspects of biology and ecology of a few species.
The paper presents the issue of conservation of species diversity of the Białowieża Forest in the context of both natural and human−related disturbances. These disturbances, in the authors’ opinion, were the main factor that shaped the unique species diversity of this area. Examples of natural disturbances occurring in the Białowieża Forest include the impact of wind, insect outbreaks and, to a lesser extent, fires. On the other hand anthropogenic disturbances are related to various forms of forest use, which historically took place here, i.e. grazing by domestic animals, beekeeping, charcoal production, and recently also forest management. Currently, in the situation of rarity and unpredictability of natural disturbances, as well as due to a significant decrease in human impact on forests of the Białowieża Forest, there is a risk of decrease of biodiversity, which is related to the process of natural succession, homogenization of the forest and the decline of favourable habitats for the development of some organisms. This particularly applies to the so−called ‘open forest’ species that are dependent on sunny places in forests. Historically these species found favourable conditions in the Białowieża Forest in many sites, where traditional forms of forest use took place, but also in areas used for traditional forest management. At present, it is necessary to adapt forest management on the one hand and nature conservation on the other, in order to meet the requirements of diverse groups of organisms, both requiring passive as well as active methods of conservation. The authors postulate the necessity of introducing a diverse conservation strategy in the Białowieża Forest.
Monopis fenestratella (Heyden) was recorded from two localities in Poland. One specimen was captured in 2001, and additionally 5 specimens were reared in 2009 from the detritus collected from a tawny owl (Strix aluco L.) nest box. Comments on species biology are given.
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