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The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different doses of deoxynivalenol on plasma indices of broiler chickens. Forty-two one-day-old male broiler chicks were fed 1 of 3 diets containing deoxynivalenol (DON) for 42 d. The diets included: (1) control (0.2 ppm of deoxynivalenol), (2) low level of deoxynivalenol (1 ppm of DON), and (3) high level of deoxynivalenol (3 ppm of DON). Then, all the birds were sacrificed and blood samples for biochemical analyses were collected. The mycotoxin doses in diets were verified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The administration of 1 ppm of DON altered total protein, triglycerides, free glycerol, and potassium levels. Dietary addition of 3 ppm of DON resulted in altered calcium, potassium, total protein, triglycerides, along with free glycerol levels, and aspartate aminotransferase activity. No biochemical parameter, however, responded to increased DON concentration in the diet. The feeding of DON-containing diets did not significantly alter plasma chloride, cholesterol, and albumin levels or aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. It was concluded that both levels of deoxynivalenol in the diets tested significantly affected protein and lipid metabolism in broiler chicks.
The objective of this study was to compare the influence of four different concentrations of Salvia officinalis essential oil (EO) on animal health. A total of 50 laying strain chicks were randomly divided at the day of hatching into five dietary-treatment groups. Control group was given the basal diet (BD), the other four experimental groups contained BD supplemented with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 g S. officinalis EO/kg diet, respectively. 0.1 g/kg EO increased glutathion peroxidase activity (Gpx) in duodenal mucosa, liver and kidney, phagocytic activity in blood (PA), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in duodenal tissue and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plasma and liver. 0.25 g/kg EO increased GPx in liver, total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma, PA in blood and TEER in duodenal tissue. Our results demonstrate that lower concentrations of EO improve animals’ health status, and that it is necessary keep in mind the selection of sufficient concentration of EO used as animal feed additive.
The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of feed supplementation with selenite or selenized yeast on parameters of antioxidant and selenium status of laying hens. Hens of laying breed Shaver Starcross 288 were randomly divided at the day of hatching into 4 groups and fed for 9 months on diets which differed only in amounts or forms of selenium supplemented. Group 1 was fed the basal diet (BD) with native Se content 0.1 mg.kg-1 DM. Groups 2 and 3 were fed the BD diets supplemented with equivalent Se dose 0.4 mg.kg-1 DM of either sodium selenite or Se-yeast, respectively. The diet for group 4 was supplemented with Se-yeast at Se dose 0.9 mg.kg-1 DM. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in blood and tissues of liver, kidney and duodenal mucosa were significantly increased by Se supplementation, but no differences due to form or dose of Se were observed. Both Se sources resulted in significant reduction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in kidney tissue was reduced by both Se sources, but its production in liver tissue was inhibited by Se-yeast only. Selenium supplementation did not influence the levels of MDA and -SH groups in plasma. Altrough both Se significantly raised Se concentrations in blood and tissues of liver, kidney, spleen, hearth and duodenal mucosa, significant Se deposition into muscles appeared in hens given Se-yeast only. The presented results suggest that Se-yeast is more effective in maintenance of antioxidant and selenium status of laying hens than selenite.
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