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Concentration of the metals Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn and V as well as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and S were measured in soils and in two tree species (leaves of Betula pendula and Salix caprea) and two herbs (whole above-ground parts of Solidago canadensis and Tanacetum vulgare) sampled from dumps in the Wałbrzych coal mine area (Lower Silesia, SW Poland). These plants, as used to evaluate the distribution of elements in the examined dumps, contained elevated levels of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Especially the highest levels of Mn in Betula pendula seriously exceed background values. Betula pendula characterized also the highest enrichment ratio for Mn, Salix caprea for Ni and Sr and Tanacetum vulgare for Cu. Test-t indicated that from both herbs Tanacetum vulgare accumulated much more K, N, S and Zn than Solidago canadensis and of both trees Salix caprea accumulated significantly more Cd, Cu, K and Ca than Betula pendula, while this last species accumulated significantly more Fe and Mn than Salix caprea. A post hoc LSD test indicated that all examined plants had similar enrichment ratios for Al, Pb and V.
During a period of 60 days assays were carried out with the moss Pohlia nutans transplanted from an uncontaminated control site to a dump consisting of a heavily polluted mine and smelter wastes located near Wałbrzych in southwestern Poland. Within the same period also samples of native P. nutans growing on the dump substrate were collected together with the same species from a control site. Concentrations of Al, Fe, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn, as well as N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, were determined in P. nutans, the dump substrate and the soil of the control site. Atmospheric deposition was the main contribution to the levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the native and transplanted P. nutans on the examined dump. The obtained results indicate that the transplanted P. nutans accumulated significantly more Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn than the native moss.
Concentrations of the elements Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Ni, P, Pb, and Zn were measured in needles and bark of Taxus baccata from the urban environment of Wrocław, Poland, and from a control site relatively free from pollution. In Wrocław the concentrations of N, P, K, and Mg in needles were significantly higher than in bark, but concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu Fe, Ni, and Zn were significantly higher in bark than in needles. Concentration of Pb was comparable in needles and bark. The only exception was Mn, whose concentration was significantly higher in needles. PCCA ordination confirmed the relationship between the elemental concentrations in needle and bark, and the level of pollution. The most polluted needles and bark projected more closely with Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb and, additionally, bark projected more closely with Zn.
Concentrations of accumulated heavy metals were compared between the terrestrial bryophyte Pohlia nutans and needles and bark of Larix decidua collected on a dump situated in the vicinity of coke- and sulphuric acid-producing factories and a municipal thermal-electric power station. The dump consisted of heavily polluted mine and smelter wastes located near Walbrzych (southwestern Poland). The plant samples were compared with material of the same species from the control site. In the examined area needles and bark can be considered as suitable biomonitors for atmospheric pollution for Co, Cu, Ni and Pb. Bioaccumulation abilities of Pb in P. nutans and L. decidua needles and Ni in P. nutans and L. decidua bark were similar. Compared to each other needles were better accumulators of Ni and the moss P. nutans was a better accumulator of Co and Cu. P. nutans was a better accumulator of Co, Cu and Pb compared to bark.
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