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A modern naturalist/ecologist perceives in the surrounding world many relationships that determine life-possibilities in nature, the effects of single components of the landscape on others. These are relationships between geomorphological and geological surface forms, climatic conditions, the water cycle and the distribution of various communities of life. The presence of game depends on the spatial arrangement of various ecosystems as well as on technical infrastructure in the area. There is a close correlation between the visual and functional values of an area: a beautiful area is at the same time valuable to wildlife. The area which is to be suitable for breeding wildlife should be diverse internally, wildlife has to be able to move about freely, and at least part of the area should be free of strong human impact. The world convention on the protection of biological diversity, adopted in Rio de Janeiro, also regards protecting the internal diversity of landscapes as a precondition for the existence of any life. Game animals are part of this diversity, its abundance and beauty.
Ekorozwój ma swoją cenę — nie można mówić o ekorozwoju, nie przeznaczając środków na tworzenie wysokowydajnego pod względem środowiskotwórczym systemu ekologicznego danego obszaru. Wymaga również badań — stworzenia odpowiednich modelowych obszarów, wzorców dla innych. Promocja takiego modelowego obszaru powinna uzyskać wsparcie naukowe, techniczne i finansowe z krajów, w których dotychczasowe zagospodarowanie nie pozwala na tworzenie tego rodzaju eksperymentów.
The paradigm regarding the ecology of populations of small rodents has had several basic theses: (1) the individual has a home range or is a migrant; (2) factors regulating population parameters (including density) include spatio-social relations between indi­viduals; and (3) the phenomena observed on trial plots with a system of live traps are the same as those beyond the plot. However, the home-range concept in small rodents is open to criticism in that: (1) observations point to much greater ranges of spatial activity in these animals than has been shown hitherto in plot-based studies with systems of live traps; (2) there is great variability in the directions and extent of the spatial activity of small rodents; (3) observations suggest that what is regarded as the area of spatial activity of an individual has limited information content since the "tenant" makes use of the area via tracks and trails along which it moves. Transfers of studies on odour-related information in small rodents from the laboratory to natural populations confirm the significance of odours in the life of these animals and in integrating their populations. It is possible that the need to leave information in the environment (informational conditioning) provokes considerable locomotory and spatial activity in small rodents. Live traps with bait (food) limit the spatial activity of animals. The set of traps in which an individual is caught thus represents not home range but trap range. A new paradigm for the ecology of small rodents should comprise the propositions that: (1) the function of olfactory information is the integration of a population into an ecological system; (2) the maintenance of odour-mediated condi­tioning in the environment is one of the reasons for locomotor and spatial activity; (3) the patchy distribution of food in the environment (including study plots with traps) gives rise to changes in the use made of space by individuals; (4) the phenomena observed on research plots with live traps containing bait are different to those ongoing at the same time outside these areas. Such a paradigm requires reinterpretation of research results obtained hitherto as well as the application of new research methods.
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