Bacteriological and physicochemical profiles of surface water collected from Chanchaga Local Government area of Niger State were treated with Carica papaya leaf, stem, seed and bark powder to ascertain their effectiveness in water treatment. Phytochemical bacteriological and physicochemical analyses were carried out using standard procedures. Phenol, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and steroids were found in all part of C. papaya. The stem, seed and bark of C. papaya at all concentrations tested completely eliminated the total viable counts (TVC), total coliforms count (TCC), faecal coliforms counts (FCC), and Salmonella-Shigella counts (SSC) after 24 hrs. The leaf of C. papaya only reduced the TVC and TCC count of stream and pond water after 24 hrs. However, the leaf of C. papaya at concentrations of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g l⁻¹ completely eliminated the TVC, TCC, FCC and SSC count of the river water after 12 hours of treatment. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) range between 8 and 64 mg ml⁻¹ while the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the plant materials range between 16–128 mg ml⁻¹ against all organism tested. The plant causes no significant (p > 0.05) changes to the total dissolve solid (TDS), hardness, chloride and nitrate content of river water. All part of C. papaya significantly reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and nitrate contents of the pond water. There were also decreases in dissolved oxygen (DO), TDS, nitrate and turbidity but increase in calcium contents of the stream water. Alum significantly reduced the DO, TDS, hardness, turbidity and pH while calcium hypochlorite reduced the DO and TDS of the water samples. Carica papaya plant materials have a double advantage of having phytochemicals of antimicrobial properties and also better potentials for water purification than the synthetic coagulant.
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