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Our study is aimed at microbiological analysis of water samples originating from a small municipal lake in Szczecin, called Syrenie Stawy. The studies were conducted for a year in monthly intervals. The variables estimated in the water samples included the extent of contamination (TVC 20℃ and TVC 37℃ ), content of sanitary status bacteria (coli group bacteria, TC), foecal-type coli group bacteria (FC), foecal streptococci (FS) and bacteria of physiological types (denitrification, amonification, sulphate- and sulphite-reducing bacteria). Results of the studies demonstrated high content of sanitary bacteria, which pointed to a significant contamination of the lake. High content of psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria pointed to high amounts of organic substances in water. On the other hand, the high content of NPL, of coli group bacteria titres and of foecal type coli group bacteria provided evidence for drainage of communal sewage to waters of Syrenie Stawy. This was additionally proven by the presence of foecal streptococci. As far as physiological bacteria were concerned, the extensive differences in between mean values obtained for various sampling points may indicate unequal loading of Syrenie Stawy waters with contaminants in various points of their coastal zone.
The paper presents selected facts concerning the role of commensal microorganisms in mammals. The significance of these microorganisms, found on the skin, in the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system, has been described. Both the positive and negative consequences of their presence in mammals have been discussed.
Recent studies have shown the increasing interest of F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPH) genotyping to identify major sources of faecal contamination in waters. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence and relevance of FRNAPH genotyping in lake water. A comparison between the levels of all FRNAPH and each genogroup and that of the standard indicators of faecal pollution (total coliforms – TC and faecal (thermotolerant) coliforms – FC) was performed. Two faecal indicators were detected in lake water: total coliforms (TC) and faecal coliforms (FC). The standardized method was used to quantify these indicators and bacterial concentrations were expressed in the most probable number per 100 ml of water (MPN/10 ml). FRNAPH were determined by the single agar layer (SAL) method using the host strain Escherichia coli Famp (ATCC 700891) in accordance with U.S. EPA Methods 1602. To distinguished between RNA and DNA phages, each FRNAPH isolate was subjected to RNAse sensitivity. All FRNAPH isolates were subjected to the four SYBR Green-based real time PCRs to determine genogroups.
The paper presents the characteristics of the gram-negative Capnocytophaga (C.) canimorsus rod, which mainly occurs in the oral cavity and belongs to the genus Capnocytophaga. Among members of the genus Capnocytophaga there are five species isolated from the human oral cavity: C. gingivalis, C. ochracea, C. sputigena, C. granulosa and C. haemolytica, as well as two species isolated from dogs and cats: C. canimorsus and C. cynodegmi. Human infections with C. canimorsus occur usually as a result of bites (54% of cases) and scratches (8.5%) by dogs and cats, although this bacterium is also found in sheep, cattle and rabbits. A small number of C. canimorsus infections in humans is due to insufficient diagnostics, because the infection is often mild and does not lead to serious clinical conditions, so that it is often not reported. The diagnosis of a C. canimorsus infection is usually made on the basis of a bacterial culture of blood or other body fluids, Gram stain blood smears or by using methods based on molecular examination. The first choice in a C. canimorsus infection is systemic antibiotic treatment, which in several countries is recommended for all persons after a dog bite. Prophylactically all healthy pets should be tested for C. canimorsus.
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