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Background. Bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839); yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788); and albacore, Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788), are very important species for world fisheries. It is crucial to the future existence of those economically important species that the best possible biological data on the species is provided to fisheries managers. Materials and Methods. The weight–length relations (WLRs) for bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, and albacore, collected in the Atlantic, Indian, and eastern Pacific oceans were studied using commonly accepted methodology. Results. Significant differences can be found from the fork length distributions and the WLRs of the above 3 tuna species and the relations of gilled-gutted and whole weight of bigeye and yellowfin tunas collected from the Atlantic, Indian, and Eastern Pacific Oceans. Significant differences of fork length distributions can be found for bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, and albacore from the three areas. The growth exponents (b) of bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, and albacore collected from the Atlantic, Indian, and eastern Pacific oceans register significant deviations from isometric value of 3. Conclusion. The date collected will be useful for the fisheries management of the three species studied.
Screening and breeding of pollution-safe cultivars (PSCs) has become one of the most direct and cost-effective methods for reducing the health risks of heavy metal-contaminated soil. In this paper we identified and screened out cadmium (Cd)-pollution-safe pakchoi cultivars from 30 pakchoi genetype materials through preliminary screening experiments and re-screening experiments in field conditions. We found that in preliminary screening experiments, the Cd uptake displayed significant variability among the 30 selected pakchoi cultivaters grown in soil with a Cd concentration of 0.51 mg/kg. 11 out of the 30 pakchoi cultivars belonged to the low-Cd accumulated cluster classified by cluster analysis, which had the potential to be Cd-PSCs. The re-screening experiments under different Cd levels of contaminated soils in combination with the studies of the enrichment factors (EFs) and translocation factors (TFs) further confirmed the consistency and genotypic stability of the low-Cd accumulating traits of the potential Cd-PSCs. This study proves the feasibility of applying cluster analysis in the process of identifying PSCs.
Background: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is considered an antioxidant agent. NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is an important regulator for protection against UV damage. In this study, we verified the performance of LBP and the correlation between LBP and Nrf2. Methods: HSF cells were treated with LBP to determine dose and time dependencies. An antioxidant response element (ARE) reporter was designed to monitor the activity of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Results: For HSF cells, the optimal LBP treatment was 300 μg/ml for 3 h. The AREreporter assay showed that LBP could increase the robustness of p-Nrf2. Treatments with genistein and LY294002 reduced of nuclear p-Nrf2 after 24 h. LBP increased the level of nuclear Nrf2, which functions by both phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Silencing Nrf2 led to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lower cell viability, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSP-PX) levels. This induced a higher level of lipid peroxide (LPO). However, LBP could decrease the levels of ROS and LPO and enhance the levels of SOD and GSP-PX. Conclusion: LBP protects HSF cells against UV damage via the regulation of Nrf2.
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