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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary protein restriction in finishing pigs on the fat content, fatty acid profile, and atherogenic and thrombogenic indices of m. longissimus dorsi. A feeding trial was performed on 45 crossbred [(Polish Landrace x Polish Large White) x Duroc] finishing pigs with an average initial body weight of 65 kg. The animals were divided into experimental groups and were fed finisher diets with different levels of total protein and total lysine: group S-c- standard protein level, O – protein level reduced by 15% relative to the standard level, O+AA – protein level reduced by 15% and supplemented with crystalline lysine to the standard level. The intramuscular fat content, fatty acid profile and health-promoting properties of m. longissimus dorsi were determined. A 15% reduction in total protein levels in diets for finishing pigs insignificantly increased the intramuscular fat content of m. longissimus dorsi, but had no influence on the total concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The supplementation of low-protein diets with crystalline lysine decreased the intramuscular fat content of m. longissimus dorsi, decreased the concentrations of margaric-oleic acid (C17:1) and gadoleic acid (C 20:1), and increased α–linolenic acid (C18:3) levels. Meat from pigs fed a low-protein diet supplemented with lysine was characterized by a lower (more desirable) n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and provide more atherogenic and trombogenic properties.
The results of laboratory analyses, including the proximate composition, physicochemical and sensory properties of meat from the studied pigs, point to its high processing suitability and eating quality. Hematological indicators in the blood of the analyzed animal groups were within the reference ranges, excluding MCHC levels which were somewhat elevated. Significant differences were observed in Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and WBC values, subject to the meat content of the carcass. Biochemical parameters such as glucose concentrations, ALT and AST activity levels varied considerably between groups, and average ALT values somewhat exceeded the norm for the species. These results, including significant variations in selected parameters, can probably be attributed to homeostatic changes in pigs during intensive growth.
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