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Origin and significance of Late Cretaceous bioevents: Examples from the Cenomanian

100%

Wilmsen M.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2012

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tom 57

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nr 4

Palaeontological events, documented by widespread beds or thin intervals of strata with either unusual (“exotic”) or acmes of common faunal elements are a characteristic feature of Upper Cretaceous epicontinental shelf sediments in NW Europe. Their importance in stratigraphic calibration has early been recognized and these “bioevents” are widely used as correlation tools. Furthermore, it appears that there is a genetic link between sequence and event stratigraphy as most of the “classic” bioevents developed during specific intervals of a 3rd−order depositional sequence. Early transgressive bioevents (ETBs) are subdivided into two subtypes, i.e., the lag and migration subtype. The lag subtype corresponds to the transgressive surface and develops in response to winnowing and relative enrichment of robust biogenic hardparts. Taphonomic alteration and time−averaging are important features. The migration subtype is related to the disappearance of physical or ecological barriers that triggered faunal migrations. Despite their onlapping character, most ETBs are quasi−isochronous, and their preservation potential is usually high. Thus, they are very useful stratigraphic markers. Maximum flooding bioevents (MFBs) represent autochthonous biogenic concentrations with relatively low shell densities. They are related to habitat stability and ecospace expansion, and develop by population blooms of taxa well adapted to the special maximum flooding conditions of the wide epicontinental shelf of NW Europe (e.g., low food availability). Cenomanian MFBs of NW Europe are not time−averaged and may comprise stratigraphically more expanded intervals with gradational lower and upper boundaries. Their often wide palaeogeographic extent associated with very high chances of preservation results in an excellent inter−basinal correlation potential. Late highstand bioevents (LHBs) are local to regional shell concentrations deposited as a result of increasing winnowing of fines and reworking by storms, currents and waves during late highstands. LHBs usually consist of paucior even monospecific skeletal concentrations with a high degree of fragmentation. Simple shell beds related to a single (storm) event, and composite (multiple−event) shell beds are recognized. LHBs share some features of ETBs, but lack of time−averaging, are laterally restricted and have low preservation potential. Thus, their importance in interbasinal correlation is poor. The time scales of Cenomanian bioevents range through several orders of magnitude (hours–days in LHB storm event concentrations to ~100 kyr in MFBs). In terms of position within sequences, the three bioevent types correspond to shell concentrations recognized in Mesozoic–Cenozoic formations around the world. Shell beds with similar positions within cycles as well as comparable sedimentologic and taphonomic characteristics have also been described from high−frequency sequences and parasequences, suggesting that the formational processes of shell beds operate in base−level controlled sedimentary cycles of different hierarchies (i.e., 3rd−up to 7th−order).

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Palaeobiology and evolutionary context of Angulithes mermeti, a streamlined early Late Cretaceous shallow - water nautiloid

63%

Wilmsen M., Nagm E.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2019

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tom 64

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nr 4

Cretaceous nautiloids are commonly characterized by inflated shells and prolonged stratigraphic ranges. In the Albian, the species of Angulithes appeared and compressed, short-lived forms with narrow venters emerged during the Cenomanian age. Based on a new description, the late Cenomanian nautiloid Angulithes mermeti is discussed with its palaeobiological background and placed in an evolutionary context of the Cenomanian lineage of Angulithes, considering contemporaneous palaeoenvironmental changes and inferred functional traits. A. mermeti is characterized by a nearly oxycone shell with sharp venter and narrow umbilicus, a fairly sinuous suture, low inter-septal distances, and an almost dorsal siphuncle. Its palaeobiogeographical occurrence was latitudinally restricted to shallow tropical–subtropical shelf seas with a preferred habitat depth between 5–50 m. Several morphological trends reflected by the Cenomanian species of the genus culminated in the late Cenomanian species A. mermeti, i.e., (i) increasing shell compression and sharpening of the venter, (ii) increasing folding of the septa, (iii) reduction of inter-septal distances, and (iv) dorsally directed migration of the siphuncle. The hydrodynamically efficient form was favorable to successfully populate the wide and shallow epicontinental seas that formed during the Cenomanian age. The increasing sutural sinuosity and the dense septal spacing aimed to buttress the shells against shell-breaking predators while the functional reason for the dorsal- directed migration of siphuncle is more elusive; it may have improved the efficiency of the hydrostatic apparatus and its internal position is beneficial in the case of predation, too. The gradual morphological change in the Cenomanian lineage of the genus Angulithes provides a well-constrained case study of rapid evolutionary response to major environmental pressure, i.e., the opening of newly available niches in the course of the great early Late Cretaceous transgression, in an otherwise rather bradytelic biotic group.

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Campanian [Late Cretaceous] nautiloids from Sakhalin, Far East Russia

63%

Wilmsen M., Yazykova E. A.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 3

Three nautiloid taxa, Cymatoceras pseudoatlas (Yabe and Shimizu, 1924b), C. cf. bifidum Shimansky, 1975, and C. cf. honmai Matsumoto and Miyauchi, 1983, are recorded from the Campanian of Sakhalin, Far East Russia. These are the first biostratigraphically well dated nautiloids from Sakhalin, which show close affinities to nautiloid faunas from Japan (Hokkaido), the two areas having formed part of a southerly palaeobiogeographical subprovince of the North Pacific Province. Possible relationships between shell form/ornament and preferred habitats of Late Cretaceous nautiloids are discussed. Coarsely ribbed (“cymatoceratid”), depressed nautiloids seem to predominate in nearshore environments. This may be regarded as an adaptive response to increasing predation pressure by durophages, especially in shallow water settings, which may have triggered the development of defensive morphologies (i.e., ornamented, predation−resistant shells) in Cretaceous shallow−water nautiloids.

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Lower and Middle Jurassic ammonoids of the Shemshak Group in Alborz, Iran and their palaeobiogeographical and biostratigraphical importance

45%

Seyed-Amami K., Fursich F. T., Wilmsen M., Majidifard M. R., Shekarifard A.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2008

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tom 53

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nr 2

The Shemshak Group at Shahmirzad (northern Iran) is characterized by the most frequent and extensive marine intercalations and contains the most abundant and diverse ammonite faunas hitherto known from the Lower and lower Middle Jurassic strata of the Alborz Range. So far, 62 ammonite taxa have been recorded from this area, including 25 taxa from earlier studies. The taxa belong to the families Cymbitidae, Echioceratidae, Amaltheidae, Dactylioceratidae, Hildoceratidae, Graphoceratidae, Hammatoceratidae, Erycitidae, and Stephanoceratidae with the new species Paradumortieria elmii and Pleydellia (P.?) ruttneri. The fauna represents the Late Sinemurian, Late Pliensbachian, Toarcian, Aalenian, and Early Bajocian. Palaeobiogeographically, it is closely related to the Northwest European (Subboreal) Province, and exhibits only minor relations with the Mediterranean (Tethyan) Province.

Ograniczanie wyników

4 Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

4 Wilmsen M.

1 Fursich F. T.

1 Majidifard M. R.

1 Nagm E.

1 Seyed-Amami K.

1 Shekarifard A.

1 Yazykova E. A.

1 2019

1 2012

1 2008

1 2003

Origin and significance of Late Cretaceous bioevents: Examples from the Cenomanian

Palaeobiology and evolutionary context of Angulithes mermeti, a streamlined early Late Cretaceous shallow - water nautiloid

Campanian [Late Cretaceous] nautiloids from Sakhalin, Far East Russia

Lower and Middle Jurassic ammonoids of the Shemshak Group in Alborz, Iran and their palaeobiogeographical and biostratigraphical importance