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В поисках эффективных химиотерапевтиков исследовали чувствительность (антибиограммы) и определили величину MIC для 112 штаммов Salmonella sp. животного происхождения относительио производной налидиксиновой кислоты — флюмехина и 9 других химиотерапевтиков. На 112 штаммов Salmonella sp., происходящих от домашней птицы, свиней, телят и овец а также пушных зверей отметили только 3 штамма (2,7%), устойчивых к флюмехину, и 5 штаммов слабо чувствительных к нему (4,5%). В очередности наименьшее число устойчивых и слабочувствительных штаммов отметили: для гентамицина — 1 устойчивый (0,9%) и 22 слабочувствительных (19,6%), для апрамицина — 4 устойчивых (3,5%) и 6 слабочувствительных (5,3%) и 12 слабочувствительных (10,7%). Процент штаммов, устойчивых к остальным химиотерапевтикам, составлял: 60,7% штаммов к сульфаметоксазолу, 19,6% штаммов к интрофурантиону и стрептомицину, 16,9% штаммов к окситетрациклину и 16,0% штаммов к комбинации сульфаметазна, сульфадиметоксина и ТМР. Для 94,5% исследуемых штаммов Salmonella sp. отметили величину MIC (0,5—2 мг/мл) для флюмехина, значительно превышающую терапевтические концентрации, достигаемые животными после лечебных доз. В экспериментальных инфекциях мышей штаммов S. typhimurium отметили, что: флюменин похоже как ампициллин обеспечивает 100% продекции перед смертельным и сходом мышей.
The aim of this study was to assess the safety of a new vaccine, containing soluble parasitic antigen (SPA), against canine babesiosis. Fifteen dogs were included in the experiment. Five controls received only the adjuvant and 10 dogs were vaccinated with Babesia canis canis SPA twice, at a two weeks interval. For the whole period of the study all animals were under constant clinical observation. Haematological and biochemical tests were performed. Flu-like symptoms and local reactions at the injection site were observed in three animals from the vaccinated group and in two dogs from the control group. These events were transient, receded spontaneously and did not require any appropriate treatment. In 50% of the vaccinated dogs, a slight and spontaneously receding thrombocytopenia developed. However, in none of the animals used in the experiment shock symptoms were observed. Administration of the SPA did not affect the functions of internal organs, which was confirmed by normal results of biochemical tests. The obtained Babesia canis SPA can be considered safe and well tolerated by dogs, and therefore it can be used in further studies on the immunisation of animals against babesiosis.
The aim of this study was to use the real time polymerase chain reaction in the detection of Babesia canis subclinical infestations in dogs and to compare the different DNA isolation methods on PCR sensitivity. The study included 6 dogs with suspected subclinical babesiosis. DNA for real time polymerase chain reaction were isolated by the phenol method as well as by Micro AX Gravity (A & A Biotechnology, Gdynia, Poland) and Blood mini (A & A Biotechnology, Gdynia, Poland) commercial kits. In the blood of all six specimens PCR demonstrated the presence of Babesia canis DNA. The most efficient proved to be a reaction to which the genetic material was isolated by the phenol method. The amount of total DNA obtained in this way, determined spectrometrically, ranged 43.7-54.3 ng/µl. Ct value in real-time PCR for DNA samples isolated in this manner was the lowest in comparison with other isolation methods, and averaged 22.5. Similar results were obtained when DNA was isolated from the blood with the Micro AX Gravity kit, while the least efficient was the Blood Mini Kit (amount of total DNA, depending on the sample was 14.0-25.1 ng/µl, amplification in real time occurred the slowest - average Ct value = 28). Readable sequences were obtained for all PCR products where DNA was isolated using the phenol method or by Micro AX Gravity. In the case of PCR products where DNA was isolated by the Blood Mini Kit, readable sequences were obtained only for 3 out of 6 tested samples. All sequences received in our study of the 18S RNA gene fragment showed a high 99.9-100% homology with the sequence of Babesia canis EU622792 These results confirm the usefulness of the real time PCR in the diagnosis of subclinical canine babesiosis and indicate the need for choosing such a DNA isolation method for this reaction that will guarantee the highest efficiency of amplification.
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