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The samples of skin scrapes taken from foxes of three farms revealed the presence of Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis and Otodectus cynotis. Out of 1648 silver and polar foxes there were observed the lesions on the head, legs and back of 169 animals. For treatment there were used Ivomec in a dose of 300—400 meg per 1 kg of body weight and a solution of Biocyd (0.1 per cent). Ear scabies was treated with a 4 per cent solution of Biocyd in paraffinum liquidum. It was found that Ivomec at a rate of 300—400 mcg per 1 kg of body weight was safe and highly effective in the control of scabies in breeding foxes. However, to get a therapeutic effect in was necessary to carry out disinfection of premises for animals and spray the drug over the surface of animals with no signs of lesions. The process of hair renew was remarkably shorter and the quality of skins was higher if feed was enriched with minerals and vitamins. A solution of Biocyd (0.4 per cent) proved to be very effective both for prevention and therapy of scabies in breeding foxes.
The development of the larvae of roundworms in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep under the condition of significant temperature fluctuation within a day and night was studied. Moreover, the survival rate of the Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta and Tricho- strongylus sp. and Chabertia ovina larvae stored in the samples of faeces at 17-24°C, 4°C and -10°C was examined. It was found that the first larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta occurred at 4-26°C after 33 days. The highest number of the larvae appeared at days 42 and 45 since the culture commencement. In relation to control samples, the number of developed larvae was 19 per cent. In the samples stored alternately at 24°C and -10°C the first larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta were found at day 42. Compared with control samples they constituted only 3 per cent of the larvae. Invasive larvae stored in faeces at 17-24°C or at 4°C survived 35 days and 85 days respectively, while stored at -10°C they survived 180 days; they were classified as Ostertagia circumcincta.
It was found that the addition of one of the following fertilizers, i.e. urea, Norway salt-petre, nitro-chalk or ,,Polifoska” to sheep faeces restricted the development of larvae, while the invasive larvae stored in solutions of mineral fertilizers or CuSC4 at a concentration of 1 g per 100, 200 and 400 ml of water, or 1:1000 and 1:2000 in the case of CuSC4, died within a dozen or so hours.
In June and August, grass cut on the ground level from experimental fields on which gastro-intestinal nematodes have been cultivated was dried under room temperature (day and night temperature differences 16-26°C). A total of 13 samples of 10 g each were prepared. One sample of raw grass was kept in the Baerman apparatus and after 12 h the number and species of larvae were determined. Other samples were collected into large Petri dishes and one sample was examined every 2 days for the number of larvae both on the grass and the dish bottom. In one sample of raw grass 254 invasive larvae were present. They were determined as Haemonchus contortus -64%, Ostertagia circumcincta - 13%, Trichostrongylus sp. - 11%, Chabertia ovina - 10% and Oesophagostomum venulosum - 2%. After 6 days of the experiment the grass was dry and contained only 16.5% of viable larvae. At the same time on the bottom of the dish as much as 47.2% of the viable larvae were found. After 12 days of the experiment viable larvae were absent on grass and after 18 days of drying viable larvae on the dish bottom were not found.
The development and prevalence of gastro-intestinal larvae of sheep in the Lublin region have been studied for 3 years. Feces of sheep containing numerous eggs of trichostrongyloides were laid out on grass plots from April until December. Every three days the grass was cut and examined by Baerman’s method for the presence of larvae. Results of the experiment revealed that the development of larvae in spring was extended to 9 weeks. In summer (July and August), when temperatures did not show day and night fluctuations, the period of larvae development was reduced to 3 weeks. Prevalence of larvae on grass was 35 days in spring and 30 days in summer.
In years 1989—1990 necropsy was performed on 38 lamb carcasses. The presence of Ascaris suum was found in intestines of 5 lambs. The parasites were not mature sexually since no eggs were observed in the wombs of the females. The lambs originated from a farm specializing in sheep breeding. The age of the animals ranged between 3 and 4 months. Infestation took place on a common sheep-run where lambs and piglets were kept together. In young pigs the invasion of Ascaris suum was noted by coproscopic examinations.
Coproscopis examinations of 72 dogs and 63 cats mainly at the age of 3—12 months under laboratory examinations due to vomiting, diarrhoea, pruritus of the skin of anal region revealed that they were infested by nematodes Tocoxara sp. and/or Ancylostoma sp. Moreover 38 dogs and 31 cats were invaded by Dipilidium caninum as showed coproscopic examinations. To control parasitic invasion Systamex (11.3 mg of oxfendazole for 3 consecutive days) and Foxverm (10 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days) were used. Both drugs apperaed to be harmless and they effectively eliminated parasites. The efficacy of Systamex against Dipylidium caninum was more than 90%.
The studies were carried out on 300 adult foxes and 1115 young foxes. On the basis of coproscopic examinations and at necropsy there was found Toxocara infection in 94% of adult foxes, Toxocara canis in 13%, Uncinaria stenocephala vulpis and Dipylidium caninum in 13%. Young foxes aged 5—6 weeks were infested with Toxocara canis and Uncinaria stenocephala in 13% while in the animals 10—12 weeks old infestation with these parasites was 86% and 5% respectively. A high effectiveness of oxyphendazole (96%) against Toxocara canis was found at the rate of 10—11.3 mg/ kg body weight. Pyrantel tartrate administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg reduced Toxocara canis infestation in 86% of animals. Foxes given the drug at the rate of 100 mg/kg body weight did not show any signs of poisoning; there was not found any changes in the blood either. Oxyphendazole administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg caused apathy, somnolence, fasten breathing and vomiting. These signs disappeared after 6 hours without treatment. In contrast, pyrantel tartrate given at the rate of 200 mg/kg resulted in acute signs of poisoning and within an hour all animals treated (one group) died.
The examinations were performed on the state farm of foxes at Zalesie near Ełk. Dehelminthisation was carried out on 4200 adult and 24 500 young foxes within two years. On the basis of necropsy and coproscopic examinations it was found that the animale were infested only with Toxocara cams. Extensiveness of the invasion ranged from 19 to 54 per cent. It was associated with the age of animals and zoohygienic conditions. The effectiveness of Foxverm administered in the rate of 10—15 mg/kg body weight (active substance) was 94 and 98 % respectively. Besides, it was found that the first dehelminthisation should be done in young foxes aged 2—3 weeks with a simultaneous dehelminthisation of their mothers. The results of dehelminthisation were much more effective when strict sanitary measures were introduced.
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