The experiments were performed to test the tillage influence on the soil respiration intensity, microbial biomass and soil enzymes activity. Two variants of soil cultivation were used - ploughing and minimum tillage (reduced tillage). Two crops (winter wheat and rape) were used for the experiments. Soil was sampled three times during plant vegetation from 0 - 20 cm in depth. Soil respiration intensity was measured by changes of carbon dioxide, microbial biomass was calculated according to the substrate induced respiration, soil enzymatic activity was assessed by the oxidative enzyme (dehydrogenase, catalase) activity and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis which characterize a complex activity of some hydrolytic enzymes (esterases, proteases, lipases). The highest respiration intensity was observed in July in the soil where conventional tillage was used. At the end of the experiment the differences between soil cultivation systems were found - plots with minimum tillage had a higher soil respiration intensity in comparison with the ploughed ones. Significant differences were observed in microorganism biomass between sampling times, but not by crops. The dehydrogenase activity was higher in July in conventionally cultivated fields in comparison with the reduced tillage ones. The results showed that the reduction of FDA was less intensive in the rape field with reduced tillage in comparison with the wheat field soil. Changes of FDA hydrolysis activity in the fields with reduced tillage correlated with soil respiration intensity (r = 0.89) and catalase activity (r = 0.81). Nevertheless such correlation was not observed in variants with a conventional tillage system. Correlation between soil respiration intensity in July and plant yield was observed.
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