The studies on changes of microbial biomass and POM contents in soil as an effect of applied management system (conventional, reduced tillage and direct sowing) under different soil- climatic conditions were conducted in the years 2002-2005. At Experimental Station in Jelcz- Laskowice, in 2003 and 2005, soil under conventional management system showed on average about 12% and 15% higher content of microbial biomass, respectively, than in direct sowing management system. At Experimental Station in Baborówko, microbial biomass content in soil under direct sowing and reduced tillage was higher about 13 and 5%, respectively, when compared to the conventional management system. Similar trends were also observed in the soil enzymatic activity. At Jelcz Laskowice, in relation to the results obtained in soil under direct sowing management, the measurements of activity of dehydrogenases were on average 20% lower than in soil under conventional tillage. At Baborówko, the measurements of activity of dehydrogenases were on average 30% times higher in soil under direct sowing management system, than in soil under conventional tillage. Probably, the enzymatic activity of soil was influenced by the soil water content and pool of microorganisms living in soil. The significant influence of management system on POM fraction was observed. In 2005, in comparison to 2003, the increase of POM fraction expressed as the percentage of total soil OM was the higher in direct sowing soil on average 10-15% at both experimental sites, when compared to the soil managed conventionally. The obtained results suggests that pool of microbial biomass, activity of dehydrogenase system and pool of POM fraction can be recommended as sensitive indicators of ongoing changes in soil OM caused by applied management system.
Activity of dehydrogenases (DHs) indicates the presence of viable and physiologically active (physiologically active or physiological activity) microorganisms. Their presence (activity) in soil is correlated with the content of organic carbon, microorganisms, nitrifying activity and microbial respiration. Determination of DHs activity allows to control changes in soil microbial population and is considered as an important parameter of soil quality. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of different farming systems on the enzymatic activity in soil under winter wheat. The research was conducted in the years 2014–2016 on long-term field experiment under two different farming systems (ecological and conventional) at the IUNG (PIB) Experimental Station located in Osiny (Lublin Voivodeship), Poland. Each farming system differs in crop rotation system and whole agrotechnics, which have been adapted to its specificity. Determination of DHs activity was performed using Casida et al.’s (1964) method with modifications. Measured DHs activity was expressed in milligrams of triphenyl formazan (TPF) per 100 g of soil within 24 hours. The results showed that ecological farming system beneficially influenced soil environment.
The effect of tillage intensity on changes of microbiological activity and content of particulate organic matter in soil under winter wheat duirng 3 years was studied. Microbial response related to the tillage-induced changes in soil determined on the content of biomass C and N, the rate of CO2 evolution, B/F ratio, the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases, soil C/N ratio and microbial biomass C/N ratio confirmed the high sensitivity of soil microbial populations to the tillage system applied. After three year studies, the direct sowing system enhanced the increase of labile fraction of organic matter content in soil. There were no significant changes in the labile fraction quantity observed in soil under conventional tillage. Similar response related to the tillage intensity was observed in particulate organic matter quantities expressed as a percentage of total organic matter in soil. A high correlation coefficients calculated between contents of soil microbial biomass C and N, particulate organic matter and potentiallymineralizable N, and the obtained yields of winter wheat grown on experimental fields indicated on a high importance of biological quality of status of soil for agricultural crop production.
W pracy badano wpływ dwóch technologii uprawy roli: tradycyjnej i uproszczonej na wybrane właściwości mikrobiologiczne gleby o składzie granulometrycznym iłu pylastego. Oznaczono wybrane właściwości mikrobiologiczne gleby: zawartość C w biomasie mikroorganizmów, intensywność oddychania oraz aktywność dehydrogenaz i fosfataz. Ponadto oznaczono także zawartość labilnej frakcji materii organicznej w badanej glebie - POM. Stwierdzono istotny wpływ stosowanych systemów uprawy roli na kształtowanie się właściwości mikrobiologicznych gleby pyłowej. Badania wykazały pozytywny wpływ stosowania uproszczonej uprawy roli na aktywność biologiczną gleby oraz zawartość POM, w porównaniu do uprawy tradycyjnej - płużnej. Uzyskane wysokie korelacje pomiędzy badanymi parametrami biologicznej aktywności oraz POM, MO i frakcją części spławialnych gleby pozwalają na stwierdzenie, że skład mechaniczny gleby wywiera ogromny wpływ na jakość i ilość materii organicznej w glebie, z którą ściśle związana jest aktywność i ilość drobnoustrojów zasiedlających glebę.
The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in soil quality associated with the tillage system applied with chosen parameters of soil biological properties. The long-term field experiments were located at a private farm in Rogów (Zamooeæ region, E Poland) on a silt soil and at the Experimental Station in Laskowice (Wroc³aw region, S-W Poland) on a sandy loam soil. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm layers. Winter wheat was grown under traditional, reduced and no-tillage systems. The analyses included estimations of microbial biomass C and N content, microbial respiration rate, activity of dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis. After eight years the effects of tillage on both soils were clearly noticed. In general, the less disturbing tillage systems enhanced the increase of soil biological activity by 15-40%, on average, than conventional tillage system. The significant correlations between microbial biomass, and/or enzyme activities with total organic C content indicate that concentration of organic C in soil environment plays an extremely important role in enhancing the stabilization and activity of soil microorganisms, and protection of an extracellular enzymes. The studied parameters of soil biological activity showed their sensitivity to tillage applied and may be considered as an useful indicators of soil quality in monitoring all conditions alter soil environment.