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Environmental efficiency of root crop cultivation

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In this study environmental efficiency of main root crop (sugar beets and potatoes) cultivation in Poland is evaluated. Survey data from 62 sugar beet and 74 potato farms in the years 2016 and 2017 were used for analysis. To assess efficiency, the slack based Data Envelopment Analysis model (SBM-DEA) was used, where greenhouse gas emissions were assumed as undesirable output. The reasons for inefficiency in cultivation were explained using the fractional regression model (FRM), with habitat and organizational conditions as independent variables. Differences in the structure of greenhouse gas emissions from the crops under study were indicated as a result of differences in technology used at each farm. The estimated average carbon footprint on the analysed farms for sugar beet cultivation was 0.057 (±0.042) kg CO₂e/kg and 0.13 (±0.17) kg CO₂e/kg for potato cultivation. The obtained results indicate that effective farms growing sugar beet emit, on average, 14.5% less greenhouse gases, achieving a slightly higher yield. In potato cultivation, this reduction is 15.3% with a 27% increase in yield. It has been shown that weather conditions and the economic size of farms can significantly affect the environmental efficiency of both analysed crops.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT) cultivation systems in long term experiment with maize on soil water dynamics using continuous soil moisture (SM) measurements in the 2014, 2015, 2016 vegetation seasons. The ability of HERMES model to simulate SM was also evaluated in Polish conditions. The long term experiment with maize is located in the Grabów Experimental Farm of Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Masovian Voivodeship – Central Poland (51˚21´18´´N, 21˚40´09´´E). The HERMES model was calibrated by modification of temperature sums in crop parameters file and capacity parameters (field capacity and wilting point) of the experimental site. The results show that NT system has a positive impact on soil water content. However, this improvement is dependent on a year, phenological phase and soil layer. The results showed also that calibrated (until now) model HERMES is able to simulate SM in a wet year. For simulation of SM in a dry year there is still need for future improvement of calibration parameters.
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