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The aim of the study was to test a hypothesis that small rodents in natural con­ditions are able to distinguish between the scents of neighbour (N) and stranger (S) individuals of conspecific. Experiments were carried out in a 100-year-old alder forest of the association Circaeo-elongatae Alnetum (Koch. 1926), on a population of bank voles Clethrion.om.ys glareolus (Schreber, 1780). Experiment I found higher capture rates in traps with the scent of N individuals (n = 35) and showed that the rodents could distinguish between N and S scents. Analysis of 90 sheets of Bristol board laid down in the forest in experiment II showed that rodents left significantly more traces of faeces and urine on sheets with the N scents. Experiment III showed that at distances of as much as 200 m from the place of origin of a donor there had been no decrease in the interest of other voles in its scent. Experiment IV increased the distance at which a fall-off in interest in the N scent was sought. As a result of 856 observations of the reactions of voles to the scents of donors originating at different distances, it was found that voles treated as N individuals those donors coming from distances of up to about 1000 m. Analysis of 840 sheets of Bristol board with scents of donors originating between 200 and 1400 m away used in experiment V showed that those smelting of donors from 1200 and 1400 m away were visited significantly less often by the rodents than others. A distance of around 1000 m may thus be the threshold for a decline in the interest of rodents in the N scent.
The aim of this study was to determine whether bank voles Clethrionomys gla- reolus (Schreber, 1780) could be trapped by the odour of other individuals as opposed to using food as bait. A line of 100 snap traps was set at 2 meters interval in a forest. Odour bait was prepared of polyurethane foam cubes (1.5 cm3) on which few male and female bank voles were kept in a 2 litre glass jar without food and water (to prevent the transfer of food odours to the bait). Traps with even numbers were provided with the odorous foam cubes (changed every two days) and traps with odd numbers were provided with new foam. Trappings were carried out in two series in autumn, the first for 14 days and the second for 10 days. Fifty five bank voles (mean: 2.50 ±2.11 per day) were trapped in traps baited with odour foam and 14 (mean: 0.64 ± 1.36 per day) in traps without odour, the latter during the first three days of both trapping series (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the number of individuals caught on the first and second day after placing the bait with odour.
Spatial activity and homing of bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1V801 have been studied in the 100 years old alder wood (Carici elongatae-Alnelum Koch, 1926) in the Kampinos National Park near Warsaw. Six parallel trap lines of 600 m each were set. Each of external lines consisted of 100 live-traps. Between the two lines, <1 lines of 200 snap-traps in each were set at 100 m intervals. Individuals caught m live-traps were individually marked and released in the centre of the study area. During the study 613 bank voles were marked and 424 recaptures were recorded. Considerable mobility of animals was found (a high proportion of animals moved more than 600 m). Distribution of animals retrapped made it possible to determine hypothetical spatial patterns of homing. It is suggested that familiarity with the given area acquired during long distance movements help small mammals to find their way when homing regard" less of the nature of homing. Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland (RA); Department of Game Management, Agriculture University of Warsaw, Rakowiecka 26/30, 02-528 Warsaw, Poland (JB-W); Kampinos National Forest, Tetmajera 38, 05-080 Izabelin, Poland (EO); National Foundation for Environment Protection, Krzywickiego 9, 0U-078 Warsaw, Poland (AL, JS)
We investigated the reaction of bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) to odors of conspecific individuals and that of wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in a mature forest in central Poland (52°20'N, 27°25'E). Our results show no difference in catching bank voles in traps using conspecific or wood mouse odors as bait.
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