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1

Topografia naczyn krwionosnych jadra buhaja

100%
Bolanowski W., Jedrzejewski K. S., Oszukowski P., Polguj M.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2008
|
tom 64
|
nr 10
1244-1247
The study focused on both arterial and venous vessels of bovine testis, including the testicular artery, intratesticular arteries and veins as well as pampiniform plexus. The study involved 64 bovine testes. In 27 testes only arterial, in 22 only venous and in 15 both arterial and venous vessels were studied by corrosive method. The results of the study confirmed the majority of previous observations. The most significant novelty was the observation of variable branches of the testicular artery. The vessel originates on the posterior margin of the gonad. The most common termination of the testicular artery was a division into 2 branches of similar diameter (60%). The arterial network of the mediastinum testis was formed by vascular conglomerates in which centripetal arteries become centrifugal ones. Intratesticular arteries are winding with some short straight parts, whereas intratesticular veins are straight all along their length. The blood vessel topography of the bovine spermatic cord is very similar to that described in other mammals. On the basis of the study, the middle part of the posterior margin of bovine testis is recommended for blind biopsy of the gonad. The choice of this area reduces the risk of damage to major vessels.
2

Topografia koncowego odcinka tetnicy jadrowej buhaja

100%
Polguj M., Jedrzejewski K. S., Oszukowski P., Bolanowski W.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2009
|
tom 65
|
nr 01
61-64
3

Pryszczyca jako zoonoza

100%
Niedbalski W., Kesy A., Erkiert-Polguj A., Polguj M.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2006
|
tom 62
|
nr 04
374-376
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a zoonosis. It may effect humans, but this is extremely rare and does not present a threat to public health. The FMD virus has been isolated and identified in not more than 40 patients during the last century. The incubation period is 2-6 days. Symptoms have mostly been mild, mainly vesicular lesions on the hand, feet and sometimes in the mouth, especially on the tongue and palate. Moreover, the illness could cause malaise with fever, headaches, and sore throat. Human cases have usually recovered within one week after the last blister formation. The transmission of the virus to humans can take place via direct contact with infected animals, inhalation of airborne viral particles or contaminated articles. Person-to-person spread of the disease has not been reported. Persons at risk are mostly involved with direct contact with sick animals, e.g., farmers, veterinary staff and all persons involved in the killing of infected animals. FMD should not be confused with the human disease: hand, foot-and mouth disease. This is a common and usually mild viral infection, principally of children, caused by different viruses, primarily by group A coxackievirus, type 16. The disease is also often confused with infections caused by herpes simplex virus, vesicular stomatitis virus or poxviruses.
4

The bifid anterior coracoscapular ligament: a new morphological variation and its potential clinical implications

100%
Polguj M., Jedrzejewski K., Topol M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2012
|
tom 71
|
nr 4
The suprascapular notch (SSN) is the most common site of compression and injury of the suprascapular nerve (SN), which results in a neuropathy known as SN entrapment. The SSN is enclosed from the top by the superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL), creating a tunnel for the SN. On both sides of the SSN, below the STSL, the anterior coracoscapular ligament is found. This fibrous band can potentially narrow the opening and contribute to the occurrence of suprascapular entrapment syndrome. This study presents the first case of a bifid anterior coracoscapular ligament coexisting with an atypical SN course, which has never been described in the literature before. Knowledge of such anatomical variations can be helpful in arthroscopic and open procedures of the suprascapular region and confirms the safety of operative decompression for entrapment of the SN. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 4: 282–284)
5

The plantaris muscle - rare relations to the neurovascular bundle in the popliteal fossa

100%
Olewnik L., Podgorski M., Polguj M., Topol M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2018
|
tom 77
|
nr 4
The plantaris muscle is characterised by morphological variability, both for origin and insertion, and may sometimes be absent. Its strength allows the ligament to be used for reconstruction of other tendons and ligaments. This report presents the rare placements and course of the plantaris muscle in relation to the neurovascular bundle. In this case, the hypertrophy of this muscle might cause pressure on the tibial nerve and produce symptoms similar to sciatica. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 4: 785–788)
6

Topographic and morphometric comparison study of the terminal part of human and bovine testicular arteries

100%
Polguj M., Jedrzejewski K. S., Dyl L., Topol M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2009
|
tom 68
|
nr 4
271-276
The aim of the study was to compare the terminal parts of testicular artery topography in human and bovine gonads. The study was made on two extremely different types of location of the mediastinum testis. The investigation was carried out on 80 (40 human and 40 bovine) corrosive casts of the testicular arteries. The differences between the species, including the different course of the testicular artery inside the spermatic cord and in the posterior margin of the gonads, were observed. The division of the testicular artery into terminal branches was located in men on the level of the mediastinum testis, and in bulls close to the inferior end of the gonad. The types of terminal division were similar in both groups. In men, the testicular artery course inside the spermatic cord was more variable than in bulls. The artery was straighter, and in 75% of the cases it did not form the loops which were present in 100% of the bovine specimens. The bovine testicular artery in the posterior margin of the testis was longer and had a more variable course than in men. (Folia Morphol 2009; 68, 4: 271–276)
7

Correlation between morphometry of the suprascapular notch and anthropometric measurements of the scapula

100%
Polguj M., Jedrzejewski K. S., Podgorski M., Topol M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2011
|
tom 70
|
nr 2
The concept of the study was to find the correlation between the morphometry of the suprascapular notch and basic anthropometric measurements of the human scapula. The measurements of the human scapulae included: morphological length and width, maximal width and length projection of scapular spine, length of acromion, and maximal length of the coracoid process. The glenoid cavity was measured in two perpendicular directions to evaluate its width and length. The width-length scapular and glenoid cavity indexes were calculated for every bone. In addition to standard anthropometric measurements two other measurements were defined and evaluated for every suprascapular notch: maximal depth (MD) and superior transverse diameter (STD). The superior transverse suprascapular ligament was completely ossified in 7% of cases. Ten (11.6%) scapulae had a discrete notch. In the studied material, in 21 (24.4%) scapulae the MD was longer than the STD. Two (2.3%) scapulae had equal maximal depth and superior transverse diameter. In 47 (57.7%) scapulae the superior transverse diameter was longer than the maximal depth. There was no statistically significant difference between anthropometric measurements in the group with higher MD and the group with higher STD. The maximal depth of the suprascapular notch negatively correlated with the scapular width-length index. The maximal depth of the scapular notch correlated with the morphological length of the scapulae. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 2: 109–115)
8

The report on the co-occurrence of two different rare anatomic variations of the plantaris muscle tendon on both sides of an individual

100%
Olewnik L., Wysiadecki G., Polguj M., Topol M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2017
|
tom 76
|
nr 2
The plantaris muscle usually begins with a short and small muscle belly on the popliteal surface of the femur and on the knee joint capsule. It continues distally to form a long and thin tendon typically fixed to the calcaneal tuberosity. However, the course and the insertion of the plantaris muscle is variable, which may influence the development of Achilles tendinopathy. The plantaris tendon may also be used for reconstruction of tendons and ligaments, such as talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament. In literature review no data concerning the co-occurrence of anatomic variations of the plantaris muscle tendon in different individuals has been found. This report presents a rare variant of the plantaris muscle insertion into the deep crural fascia on the left leg and absence of the plantaris muscle on the right leg of the same individual. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 2: 331–333)
9

Topografia i morfometria tetnic unaczyniajacych gonade buhaja

100%
Polguj M., Jedrzejewski K. S., Topol M., Bolanowski W.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2009
|
tom 65
|
nr 08
557-559
The aim of the study was to analyze topography and morphometry of the arteries supplying bulls’ gonads. 30 gonads were used in the study. Corrosive casts of extratesticular arteries were analyzed macroscopically and with stereoscopic binoculars. In our research the testicular artery was the major vessel supplying the bovine masculine gonad. The minor vessels included the deferens duct artery and cremasteric artery. There was no direct connection between those three arteries; however, indirect connections were always present. The anastomoses were formed by a well-developed deferens duct branch of the testicular artery, the deferens duct and cremasteric arteries. This artero-arterial anstomosis had a horseshoe or U-like shape and was located in an area of the tail of the epididymis. The analysis of the diameters of the arteries of the casts showed that in the instance of an occlusion of the testicular artery, collateral circulation formed by the deferens duct artery and the cremasteric artery may be insufficient for the proper blood supply of this organ.
10

The trifid superior transverse scapular ligament: a case report and review of the literature

100%
Polguj M., Jedrzejewski K., Majos A., Topol M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2012
|
tom 71
|
nr 2
During dissection of a 75-year-old Caucasian female cadaver, a trifid superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) was found. The suprascapular nerve and vessels ran inferior to the STSL though the suprascapular notch. Measurements of the structures of the suprascapular region were taken using two complementary but independent methods: a classical method using an electronic digimatic calliper and a new one based on an analysis of digital photographic documentation of the STSL. The knowledge of anatomic variations of the STSL is important because this structure is the most commonly recognised possible predisposing factor of suprascapular nerve entrapment and can be helpful in diagnosis and surgical and arthroscopic treatment of this pathology. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 2: 118–120)
11

Arterial supply of human and bovine testes: a topographic and morphometric comparison study

100%
Polguj M., Jedrzejewski K. S., Topol M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2010
|
tom 69
|
nr 4
The aim of the study was to compare the arteries supplying human and bovine masculine gonads. The study was made on two extremely different types of location of the mediastinum testis. The study was made on 100 (50 human and 50 bovine) corrosive casts of the testicular, cremasteric, and deference duct arteries. The differences between the species included different courses of the testicular artery inside the spermatic duct, the relative size of the three arterial diameters, and the morphology of the anastomoses of the arteries. In human testicular arteries, the course inside the spermatic course was more variable than in that of bulls. The artery was straighter and in 80% of the cases did not form the loops which were present in 100% of the bovine specimens. The bovine testicular artery was significantly wider in relation to the cremasteric and deferens duct arteries than the human one. This finding suggests that collateral blood flow to the testis was less effective in bulls than in men. The human testicular artery directly connected the other two with its terminal branches. The bovine testicular artery connected with the cremasteric and deferens duct arteries indirectly by means of its deferens duct branch. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 4: 225–231)
12

An asymmetrical fenestration of the basilar artery coexisting with two aneurysms in a patient with subarachnoid haemorrhage: case report and review of the literature

100%
Polguj M., Majos M., Topol M., Majos A.
Folia Morphologica
|
2014
|
tom 73
|
nr 2
The vertebrobasilar system is a part of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis), which forms the collateral circulation of the brain. A 75-year-old Caucasian female was admitted to hospital because of a strong headache radiating to the neck. On the basis of a neurological examination, the patient was classified into group III of the Hunt and Hess scale. Subarachnoid haemorrhage and 2 aneurysms of the cerebral arteries were diagnosed during multidetector 64-row computed tomography and angiography. An asymmetrical fenestration of the proximal part of the basilar artery was also observed. The bleeding aneurysm locating at anterior communicating artery was diagnosed and clipped surgically by right fronto-parietal craniotomy. The second aneurysm was located just after the junction of the vertebral arteries on the wall of the basilar artery. The presented case firstly illustrates the asymmetric fenestration of the proximal part of the basilar artery coexisting with subarachnoid haemorrhage and 2 aneurysms of brain arteries. Such observation should increase diagnostic attention in the detection of possible associated aneurysms and can help in preventing complications during all endovascular treatment procedures. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 2: 229–233)
13

Intermediate veins in swine (Sus scrofa domestica) kidney: authors’ own anatomical classification

100%
Szymanski J., Polguj M., Topol M., Oszukowski P.
Folia Morphologica
|
2015
|
tom 74
|
nr 2
Background: The use of domestic swine as an experimental animal is increasing steadily. Swine organs are the best animal model for urological experiments. The aim of the study was to evaluate the course and size of intermediate veins in a swine kidney. The research results were compared with the results obtained from studies on venous vascularisation of human kidneys. The knowledge of the above-mentioned vessels is important both in human and veterinary medicine and will enable researchers to compare and notice differences between human and swine organs. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 94 kidneys, 47 right ones and 47 left ones, taken from adult domestic swines (Sus scrofa domestica). The kidneys were prepared and corrosion casts were made. Results: The average lumen diameter of secondary intermediate veins was 7.96 mm. The average diameter of the primary intermediate veins directly inserted in the renal vein (type A) and primary intermediate veins inserted in the secondary intermediate veins (type B) amounted to 6.7 mm and 4.75 mm, respectively. The average length of primary intermediate veins of type A was 21.91 mm. Secondary intermediate veins were shorter — on average 19.83 mm. Primary intermediate veins of type B were on average 12.91 mm long. Conclusions: Intermediate veins are formed in the area of vascular anastomoses on the level of renal papillae. The following veins can be distinguished: primary intermediate veins of type A and type B, as well as secondary intermediate veins. Secondary intermediate veins and primary intermediate veins of type A run only on the ventral side of the renal pelvis. Only the primary intermediate veins of type B can run on the dorsal side. From the anatomy point of view, intermediate veins of swine kidneys are very similar to equivalent vessels in human kidneys as regards their run and anastomoses. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 2: 229–235)
14

An unusual insertion of an accessory band of the semitendinosus tendon: case report and review of the literature

100%
Olewnik L., Podgorski M., Polguj M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2020
|
tom 79
|
nr 1
15

The occurrence of the third trochanter and its correlation to certain anthropometric parameters of the human femur

100%
Bolanowski W., Smiszkiewicz-Skwarska A., Polguj M., Jedrzejewski K. S.
Folia Morphologica
|
2005
|
tom 64
|
nr 3
168-175
The purpose of the study was to analyse the occurrence of the third trochanter and its correlation with the morphology of the human femur. The third trochanter was found in 38 of 622 (6.2%) human femora taken from 3 excavation sites. 36 of these were included in the study and were compared to the femora without the third trochanter. The bones with the third trochanter were characterised by a greater superior sagittal diameter and diaphysis platymetry index as well as a larger greater trochanter. These results suggest that the third trochanter is not a progressive morphological feature of the skeleton. Rather it is connected with an altered gluteal muscle function.
16

Persistent jugulocephalic vein: case report including commentaries on distribution of valves, blood flow direction and embryology

100%
Wysiadecki G., Polguj M., Topol M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2016
|
tom 75
|
nr 2
This paper is a detailed case study of the persistent anastomotic channel between the cephalic vein and the external jugular vein, running anterior to the clavicle, corresponding to the jugulocephalic vein present at early stages of the ontogenesis in humans. This connection is not only a relic of early foetal development seldom occurring in adults, but it may also be of clinical significance, increasing the risk of complications during the cephalic vein catheterisation, clavicular fractures or head and neck surgery. The novelty in this paper was to determine the presence and distribution of valves within the persistent jugulocephalic vein. Three bicuspid venous valves were found that allowed the blood to flow only in one direction — from the cephalic vein to the external jugular vein. The anastomosis between the persistent jugulocephalic vein and the thoracoacromial veins was additionally present. Due to lack of similar data in the literature, further research should be performed on the presence and distribution of the venous valves in various types of the persistent jugulocephalic vein in humans. (Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 2: 271–274)
17

The influence of atherosclerotic abdominal aorta on the shape of duplicated inferior vena cava: its potential clinical implications and vascular complications

88%
Polguj M., Majos M., Topol M., Majos A., Stefanczyk L.
Folia Morphologica
|
2014
|
tom 73
|
nr 4
Duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a congenital condition where there are 2 large vessels: right IVC (RIVC) and left IVC (LIVC) on both sides of the abdominal aorta. Here, we present 2 cases of duplicated inferior cava coexisting with rare morphology of left gonadal (ovarian/testicular) vein. Both were observed during multidetector 64-row computer tomography. In first case atherosclerotic, tortuous abdominal aorta models both inferior venae cavae. The shape of veins were more- (RIVC) and less-arcuate (LIVC). Two years ago, the patient had been diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism. In second case abdominal aortic aneurysm models both large veins. The RIVC has a highly right-arcuate shape, while the LIVC has a less left-arcade shape. Our observation would seem to be especially important, because the tortuous abdominal aorta changes the shape of both IVC, and may predispose them for thrombosis formation. The presented report precisely describes the topography and measurements of the vessels in the retroperitoneal area. The literature concerning this anomaly, potential clinical implications and vascular complications are reviewed and the possible practical aspects are discussed. A familiarity with the anatomy of the most common types of venous anomalies is crucial for all surgeons, urologists and oncologists to reduce the risk of severe haemorrhage during all abdominal procedures. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 4: 521–526)
18

Morphological study of linea aspera variations: proposal of classification and sexual dimorphism

88%
Polguj M., Blizniewska K., Jedrzejewski K., Majos A., Topol M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2013
|
tom 72
|
nr 1
The linea aspera is a roughened, longitudinally oriented, irregular crest composed of two lips located on the posterior surface of the femoral shaft. The purpose of this research was to investigate the morphological variations of the linea aspera in humans. The study was carried out on 90 femurs. Osteometric measurements of the bones were taken using two complementary methods: classical osteometry and a new one based on the analysis of digital photographic documentation of the femur using MultiScanBase v.18.03 software. The analysis allowed four types of linea aspera to be determined: parallel (type I 27.2%), concave (type II 25.7%), convex (type III 5.7%), and variform (type IV 41.4%). The frequency of the each type in females and males was also described. A better knowledge of the anatomical variations of the linea aspera may be helpful in orthopaedy and radiology to distinguish pathological from normal anatomical variations. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 1: 72–77)
19

Circumaortic left renal vein (circumaortic renal collar) associated with the presence of vascular anomalies: a case series and review of literature

88%
Haladaj R., Polguj M., Wysiadecki G., Zytkowski A., Topol M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2019
|
tom 78
|
nr 2
Renal vessels exhibit a high degree of anatomical variations in terms of their number, level of origin, diameter and topographical relationships. In particular, it applies to the left renal vein which can take retroaortic or even circumaortic placement. Anatomical variations of the left renal vein may be of great clinical significance, particularly in the case of renal transplantation, retroperitoneal surgery as well as vascular or diagnostic procedures. Thus, the aim of this report was to present a complete anatomical description of two cases of the circumaortic left renal vein (CLRV; circumaortic renal collar) co-existing with the presence of various vascular anomalies. In the first case, the circumaortic renal collar was connected via a large anastomosis with the hemiazygos vein and was associated with the presence of the supernumerary left renal artery located below the main left renal artery. In the second case, the circumaortic renal collar was accompanied by the renal artery dividing close to its origin. Moreover, in the latter case, the fusiform aneurysm of the abdominal aorta was observed. In both cases, the CLRV began as a single and short trunk. On its further course, the initial segment of the CLRV was divided into two limbs — anterior (anterior left renal vein) and posterior (posterior left renal vein). Both anterior and posterior limb of the CLRV opened into the inferior vena cava. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 2: 437–443)
20

The location of the infraorbital foramen in human skulls, to be used as new anthropometric landmarks as a useful method for maxillofacial surgery

88%
Przygocka A., Podgorski M., Jedrzejewski K., Topol M., Polguj M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2012
|
tom 71
|
nr 3
Background: The aim of the study was to determine the localisation of the infraorbital foramen in relation to chosen anthropometric landmarks as novel reference points: nasion, rhinion, and frontomalare orbitale, and to verify their symmetry. Material and methods: Sixty-four sides of thirty-two human skulls were investigated. The distances between the infraorbital foramina and nasion, rhinion, and frontomalare orbitale, and the distances between two contralateral infraorbital foramens were measured. The symmetry was analysed and statistical analysis was performed. Results: The mean distance and standard deviation (mean ± SD) between the right infraorbital foramen and the nasion, rhinion, and right frontomalare orbitale were 45.23 ± 3.20 mm, 39.84 ± 1.72 mm, and 36.28 ± 1.50 mm, respectively, and between the left infraorbital foramen and the nasion, rhinion, and left frontomalare orbitale were 44.38 ± 2.76 mm, 38.88 ± 2.01 mm, and 36.31 ± 2.19 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The results presented in this study may be particularly helpful for surgery in patients with oedema of the infraorbital region when the other landmarks are difficult to localise. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 3: 198–204)
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