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The following paper have been presented the results of research concerning qualitative characterisation of sawn timber of Douglas fir, and the main aim is to define the purposefulness of introducing this type into industrial processing and its further use. In the research have been used raw material from Douglas fir stand in the Forest Inspectorate Świebodzin with the natural station mixed forest site of logging. Experimental site has been selected where 8 representative trees have been chosen, and form which single-sawn logs have been crosscut.The lumber of determined provenance from logs cross-section and of various quality was cut out with thr use of metchods of exsperimental simulation info semiproducts having the widths of 30, 50 and 70 mm and lengths of 250, 5000, 1000 and 1500 mm. Settled quantitative efficiency sawnwood on section transverse log. Carry out analysis on lengths of stem.Results of investigations analytically and graphically elaborated are the technological characteristics of Douglas fri wood in form of logs and lumber.
The energy crisis observed in Poland as well as in many other countries in recent years made many decisiontaking persons realise – in particular those from European countries - the need to look for new energy sources. This study aims at showing possibilities of utilisation of alternative sources of energy, especially in the wood industry, and at presenting potentials for waste which is created in wood processing enterprises.
The new capital system shaping Polish economical reality has made entrepreneurs aware of the necessity to custom-orientate their activities. Due to strong competition, recognition of customers’ preferences is essential for the success of all enterprises. On the other hand, the awareness that, for increasing numbers of customers, not only product quality and price but, equally or even more importantly, servicing standards are beginning to gain in importance causes that manufactures are beginning to pay more and more attention to issues associated with logistics. Such problems are particularly important for companies producing prefabricated wooden houses as the undertaking of house construction is a multi-stage process and requires a long-term contact with the client which does not end with the moment of house purchase but continues long after moving in. This article aims at presenting the flow of raw materials, materials, semi-finished products and finished articles in an enterprise manufacturing prefabricated wooden houses and at indicating problems that may occur at individual phases of the process.
The results of deteriorating economic situation in Europe are visible in numerous fields of economy also in Poland. Wooden sector is also among those undergoing a difficult phase. It is the result of its specific production process as well as its Total dependence from the main supplier that is National Forests. Hence seeking solutions which will enable the producers to function properly in this period of an economic slump becomes a necessity. The aim of the article is to highlight the broad potential of engineered wood, which in the situation of increase of wood prices and the shortage of this material on the market becomes an interesting, often cheaper alternative for wooden construction. Additionally, its aim is to present the parameters of solid and engineered wood in a context of wooden construction, as well as point at the innovative solutions which facilitate meeting European Union contemporary standards in home building.
Scots pine wood is widely used in many branches of the wood industry. The possibility to select the raw material quality according to the specific processing needs corresponding to different uses is related with the issues of the standardisation, which comprises classification based both on the dimensions of processed assortments as well as their defects and traits of anatomical construction. In the last two decades of economic transformations in Poland, there has been increasing importance of the standardisation process because of the trade between the European Union (EU) member−states. EU−membership involved gradual adjustment to the rules of round wood trade, which are applicable in the old EU member−states. Many international certification institutions as well as the Polish Committee for Standardisation were involved in the process of standardisation. The experience of northern and western European countries generated a very complex classification system, which partly matched the national standards. There are differences in the description of Scots pine wood characteristics and defects in the domestic standards and technical conditions concerning this timber trade, which is of key importance to the Polish wood industry.
Production rationality in a crucial way is influenced by technological factors and material efficiency characteristic for them. Processing wood into solid goods and prefabricates is mainly related to the dimensional and qualitative structure of roundwood. Of significant importance is also the impact of a wide range of obtained products which on one hand allows for a better usage of the material but on the other increases the volume of by-products and the number of extra processing operations. In traditional technological processes which prevail in small plants, an important asset is a wide variety of products which meet the requirements of local markets. The article provides the analysis of factors influencing material efficiency of softwood processing, verifies research hypothesis that theoretical efficiency indicators are higher than actual figures and determines the reasons for the demonstrated deviations.
Production planning is necessary for rational use of means for maintaining production continuity. The pursuit of modelling throughput levels is conditioned by many varying parameters, such as the throughput level, machinery stock and variability in the manufacturing of sawmill products. Ordering the quality and classes of raw material thickness has considerable impact on the indexes of qualitative and quantitative efficiency.
The technical and economic values of sawmill material influence its popularity and possibilities to use it in different areas of life. Wood is one of few raw materials that finds its supporters and popularisers at all processing stages. The aim of the study is to show the current situation in sawmill enterprises, including their processing capacity, to indicate the most commonly manufactured sawmill products which are used in the building industry, to emphasise the significance of technological efficiency of raw material processing to the cost-effectiveness of manufacturing sawmill products and to indicate the essential macroeconomic factors which affect the cost-effectiveness.
When analysing coniferous wood processing one often does not consider the share of by-products on the financial result of individual enterprises. Rational resources management requiers including, among others, the share of sawdust being generated at various stages of wood processing. The studies determined both real as well as theoretical volume of sawdust, as one of the by-products of sawmilling. The study embraced, dominating in the area of wood-processing, medium-size companies. The significant impact of rational energy management of sawdust on the changes in company’s level of profit was emphasised.
Studies on productivity of coniferous assortment are directly linked to the assortment structure of manufactured finished products or prefabricates. Technological process often determined by the size of sawmill is also significant. The article shows the direct influence of the type of selected raw material on lowering the costs of the production of selected assortment of prefabricated sawn wood and the sawn wood in general, packaging, pallets and elements of garden architecture. The relation between productivity and the level of efficiency of conversion has been presented. The study was carried out for various enterprises depending on the type of their final products.
The qualitative and dimensional variability of wood material affects its possible uses for industrial purposes. Attempts to order the rules of raw material classification contributed to the introduction of qualitative and dimensional standards approved by the Polish Committee for Standardization. Large−size softwood is the main raw timber material in Poland. The adjustment of requirements and rules of raw material sorting to changing market needs was caused by the necessity of prompt reaction to technological changes. Although standards were adjusted to the EU requirements, the State Forests National Forest Holding creates the rules of large−size wood classification through the corporation legal acts – the ordinances of the General Director. The article presents the beginning of the process of large−size softwood trade standardization in Poland. It indicates the rationality of meeting the requirements of qualitative, dimensional and purpose−related classification in the era of rapid changes in the demand of the industry. After the rebirth of the Polish state, there were attempts to improve rational use of wood. This goal was achieved by introduction of the rules of assortment classification for available forms of material. Verification of wood structure defects and properties in selection of large−size assortments resulted in consecutive amendments facilitating the procedures of selection of adequate quality and thickness classes in large−size wood. This enabled gradual adjustment of assortment classification to the needs of the wood industry, which is the recipient of wood material. Due to the increasing dynamics of changes it was necessary to develop new forms of wood division and classification. The role of product standards was gradually taken over by technical conditions developed by the State Forests, which is in charge of major material resources in Poland. This form of verification of the principles of wood division and classification guarantees prompt adjustment to the needs of clients on the wood market, which are changing at an increasing rate.
In recent years there has been limited distribution and supply of wood. In consequence, there are attempts to optimise its rational use. The noticeable deficit and commonness of this raw material cause the search for different sources from which it could be acquired. Therefore, there is search for new applications of lower quality wood, which meets clients’ expectations due to its availability and lower prices. The article analyses the possibilities and justifies the use of lower quality material for different mechanical purposes with simultaneous maintenance of appropriate quality of products.
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