Balancing sustained economic growth with energy security and environmental and climate change constraints is a common but difficult challenge. China, as the largest energy consumer in the world – 90% of which is fossil fuel-based – faces the enormous task of transforming its energy mix to low-emissions. CO₂ has been successfully injected for the purposes of both carbon capture and storage (CCS) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This study employs life cycle assessment to quantify the CO₂ emissions from the CCS-EOR system to analyze net CO₂ emissions. This system includes carbon capture, transportation, EOR, downstream, and consumption. Our model analyzes life cycle CO₂ emissions from plants of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) with CCS, pulverized coal plants (PC) with CCS, and oxy-fuel plants with CCS while we use technologies of fractionation, refrigeration, Ryan-Holmes, and membrance in the process of EOR. Total CO₂ emissions are 114.69-121.50 Mt CO₂e, 222.95-236.19 Mt CO₂e, and 49.09-51.96 Mt CO₂e from IGCC, PC, and oxy-fuel plants, respectively, based on IGCC with 426 MW, PC with 600 MW, and oxy-fuel with 200 MW in China. Emissions from the combustion of refined petroleum fuel is the most of total emissions – from 66.21% to 71.35%, emissions from EOR are 14.27-19.32%, emissions from downstream are 8.47-9.13%, emissions from capture are 4.12-5.09%, and emissions from transportation are 0.47-1.61%. Based on these results, CCS-EOR (where CO₂ is sourced from IGCC, PC and oxy-fuel plants) provides one potential means for producing electricity and oil to meet growing energy demand and reducing CO₂ emissions to abate global warming.
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