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1

Nest composition adjustments by Chinese Bulbuls Pycnonotus sinensis in an urbanized landscape of Hangzhou (E China)

100%
Wang Y., Chen S., Blair R. B., Jiang P., Ding P.
Acta Ornithologica
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2009
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tom 44
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nr 2
Urbanization changes the abundance and type of resources upon which birds depend, including the type and availability of nesting materials. Although more and more bird species worldwide are colonizing and adapting to urban environments, the ecological processes underlying the responses to urbanization and the relevant resource changes remain unclear. Here we examined the responses of the Chinese Bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis to urbanization by assessing nest composition and available nesting materials at five land-use categories (mountains, farmlands, riparians, urban parks, strips of street trees) of intensifying development in Hangzhou, China. In each land-use category, we classified used and available nesting materials as anthropogenic (e.g. plastics, paper pieces, cloth pieces, nylon particles, threads) or natural materials (e.g. plant culms, roots, leaves). We found that the proportion of anthropogenic nesting materials used by Chinese Bulbuls differed significantly across land-use categories, and it increased significantly with urbanization. Additionally, the increasing amount of anthropogenic nesting materials with urbanization can be attributed to an increase in the availability of anthropogenic nesting materials toward the urban core. Our results indicate that Chinese Bulbuls can adjust the composition of their nests in response to urbanization.
2

Effect of salt treatment on growth, isoenzymes and metabolites of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees

86%
Shao Y.-h., Gao J.-I., Wu X.-w., Li Q., Wang J.-g., Ding P., Lai X.-p.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2015
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tom 37
|
nr 02
Andrographis paniculata is a well-known medicinal plant having vast therapeutic potentials. Efficient use of saline land for promoting the cultivation of medicinal plants is valuable for pharmaceutical and economic benefits. Relatively little is known about the physiological and biochemical basis of salt tolerance in this plant. Here, we studied the growth, isoenzymes, malondialdehyde, proline and secondary metabolites of A. paniculata in response to different salt treatments with NaCl (0, 41.1, 92.4, 143.7 and 193.4 mM). The results indicated that growth traits were decreased and all the expression level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), cytochrome oxidase (CYT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and esterase (EST) isoenzyme in leaves and roots was enhanced with increasing salinity. Malondialdehyde was positively correlated to salt levels. Proline decreased at first and then dramatically increased at 193.4 mM. The content of key secondary metabolites was continuously increased under less than 143.7 mM NaCl concentrations. Results suggest that A. paniculata has relatively salt resistance by activating enzyme expressions both in roots and leaves, elicitation of secondary metabolites and osmoprotectant, but also reasonably regulating the allocation of resources. It is preferent to using resources for defense rather than for growth in A. paniculata and there is metabolic shift from growth to defense under salt conditions. Induction of isoenzyme activities and production of secondary metabolites are the primary defense strategies. Additionally, moderate salt treatment could promote the accumulation of bioactive phytocompounds, which is valuable for breeding plants with high quality. Thus, the cultivation of this medicinal herb in moderate saline areas could be considered as an agricultural option. Furthermore, our upshorts can provide a reference for screening better salt-tolerant cultivars of A. paniculata.
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