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Magnesium chloride was given via drinking water (500 mg Mg/L) to rats exposed intragastrically to cadmium (cadmium 109) at a dose corresponding to 10 mg/kg diet for 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. The results provided the evidence that magnesium decreased cadmium retention in the duodenum, kidneys, and liver after 7 d. Significant reduction in cadmium retention was also found on days 14 d and 21 in kidneys. No significant decreases in cadmium retention in the organs examined were noted after 28 d. The results suggest that beneficial action of magnesium on body cadmium accumulation ceased with time after the two metal administration.
Wistar rats were fed for 28 d a diet comprising vitamin C administered in drinking water in a concentration of lg/L, concomitantly with traces of zinc 65 given intragastricallv. The body weight gains, organ to body ratios, blood values, and carcass and organ concentrations of zinc 65 were examined within 28 days postdosing. The supplement of vitamin C decreased significantly zinc 65 carcass retention, especially 4, 7, 14, and 28 d after administration. Comparable decreases in zinc 65 concentrations, calculated from the AUC values, were found in the liver, testicles, muscles, spleen, heart, and brain in rats maintained on the diet supplemented with vitamin C. On the contrary, the duodenum and kidneys of rats supplemented with vitamin C increased their zinc 65 concentrations. The vitamin C additive did not affect feed intake, body growth, organ to body ratios, and blood values.
Evidence of the influence of several nutrients on the absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, distribution, elimination and toxicity of mercury in animals is reported. Moreover, the effects of age, sex, and other non-nutritional factors are also stressed.
Bentonite as a 2% additive to a standard laboratory diet was given to rats for 28 d together with traces of manganese chloride (manganese-54). Experimental procedures included the measurement of feed and water intake, body weight gain, organ to body ratio, and determination of manganese radioactivity in the carcass and selected organs during 28 d after the treatment. The results indicated that bentonite produced a moderate but persistent decrease in radiomanganese uptake in the carcass, liver, kidneys, duodenum, and blood. In contrast, no influences of dietary bentonite on the uptake of radiomanganese in the gonads, brain, muscles, and spleen were found. Moreover, bentonite also failed to affect feed and water intake, organs to body ratios, and body weight gains.
Studies attempted to describe the whole-body retention and distribution of a trace dose of mercuric chloride (mercury-203) in rats fed a diet with a Iowered iron content. Unexpectedly, results suggested that mercury-203 burden in the body and tested organs decreased in the rat fed the diet.
The current levels of radiocaesium in Polish food of animal origin were determined. In 2008 more than 1,100 samples were analysed for their ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs radioactivity concentrations. ¹³⁴Cs radioactivity concentrations were always below the minimum detectable radioactivity - MDA. The ¹³⁷Cs levels were also below MDA values in most cases. The combined mean radioactivity concentrations were around 2 Bq/kg in a range of foodstuffs. Among the foodstuffs analysed, the highest radiocaesium levels were observed in samples from cattle (meat and milk). The effective annual dose from consumption of monitored foodstuffs was also assessed.
The effect of graded doses of mercury (1, 6 or 12 mg HgCl₂ kg b. w.) on tissue distribution of a single dose of Se-75 (Na₂⁷⁵SeO₃) were examined in normal Wistar rats. Additionally, Se-75 distribution in rats poisoned with the highest dose of mercury was compared with those after treatment with 2, 3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL). The distribution of trace Se-75 among the various tissues was affected by mercury in dose-related manner. Se-75 retention in rats treated with 1 mg HgCl₂/kg b.w. was reduced, however the decrease was transient and at days 8 and 14 Se-75 concentration was similar to that in the controls. Se-75 retention in rats treated with 6 or 12 mg HgCl₂/kg b.w. remained low and was statistically significantly influenced by the metal. Injection of BAL decreased Se-75 concentration at h 3, 6 and 24 in the kidneys, liver, blood and increased in the stomach, and small intestine. At d 14, except for the kidneys, BAL increased slightly Se-75 concentration in all the examined tissues. The possible relation between mercury intoxication and induced disturbances of Se-75 distribution was discussed.
Three hundred and thirteen samples of carp and trout were analysed for their ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations during a 2-year survey in Polish farms. The ¹³⁷Cs contents were below MDA values in most samples. The combined mean activity concentrations were about 2 Bq/kg. The highest ¹³⁷Cs concentration did not exceed 6 Bq/kg. The effective annual dose from consumption of freshwater fish was evaluated.
Dietary bentonite (2% additive) given to rats for 28 d, together with traces of zinc chloride (zinc-65), produced moderate increases in radiozinc absorption and organ content. Furthermore, the bentonite additive did not influence feed intake, organ to body ratios, or haematological values although a visible decrease in body weight gains following bentonite feeding was found.
Rats were offered ad libitum zinc in twice the level of the standard diet (23 mg/kg diet), and bentonite (2% additive) for 28 d, together with traces of zinc chloride (labelled with zinc-65) given intragastrically. Results provided evidence that bentonite increased the body retention of zinc in comparison to the diet without this agent. Furthermore, the addition of bentonite did not influence feed intake, organ to body ratios, and haematological values, although a visible decrease in body weight gains following bentonite feeding was noted. These findings may be useful when bentonite fertilised diet is provided to animals pastured in areas with higher zinc levels.
We have reviewed available data from our and other laboratories relevant to the effects of single and repeated intoxication with mercury on the metabolism of several elements in animal bodies. Additionally, emphasis has been placed on the influence of zinc and selenium on mercury toxicity. The data indicate that mercuric chloride and methyl mercury affect quite differently the distribution pattern and concentrations of trace elements in animal organs. Moreover, it should be stressed that mercury intoxication decreases bone radiocalcium and thyroidal radioiodine levels which correlated with the size of mercury doses. The disturbances were chiefly attributed to impairments of the gastrointestinal absorption in mercury intoxicated rats. Moreover, haemodynamic alterations and mercury trace ele- ments-metallothionein complexes may also result in these disturbances. The effect of zinc on mercury toxicity is not uniquivocal. In contrast, the ability of selenium to decrease mercury's deleterious effect in animals is well recognised.
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