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New for Poland and rare species of anamorphic fungi

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Morphological characters of and disease symptoms caused by five fungal species parasitizing on plants of the Słowiański Park and the Drawieński National Park (both located in north-western Poland) are presented. Of the species, Ramularia celastri and Ascochyta irpinaare new for Poland, and Ascochyta geraniicola, Phyllosticta caricis and Septoriella junci have earlier rarely been found in this country. Moreover, the latter three fungi were found on plants so far not reported in the literature to be their hosts. Finally, the known distribution of the fungi characterized in both Poland and the other regions of the world is presented.
In December 1997 and June-July 2000, 49 and 113 rhizosphere soil and root mixtures were collected, respectively, to determine the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota in different sites of Israel. Except for five samples taken from under cultivated plants, all the others came from under Ammophila arenaria and Oenothera drummondii colonizing sand dunes adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea. After a continuous cultivation of the mixtures in pot trap cultures with Plantago lanceolata as the plant host up to 2006 and their examination at least twice a year, spores of AMF were found in 41 and 103 cultures with the 1997 and 2000 soil and root mixtures, respectively. The spores represented 30 species and 8 undescribed morphotypes in 7 genera of the Glomeromycota. The AMF most frequently found in Israeli soils were Glomus aurantium and G. constrictum, followed by G. coronatum, G. gibbosum, an undescribed Glomus 178, and Scutellospora dipurpurescens. Up to 2001, 21 species of AMF were known to occur in Israel, and this paper increases this number to 33, of which 11 are new fungi for this country. Moreover, four species, G. aurantium, G. drummondii, G. walkeri and G. xanthium, were recently described as new for science based on spores isolated from Israeli soils. Additionally, the general distribution in the world of the formally described species found in Israel was presented.
Morphological characters of spores and mycorrhizae of Glomus eburneum and spores of Scutellospora fulgida, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, are described and illustrated. Additionally, the known distribution of these species in both Poland and other regions of the world is presented. Both species were not earlier reported from Europe.
155 rhizosphere soil and root mixtures were collected from under Ammophila arenaria colonizing maritime dunes of the island Bornholm (Denmark) to determine arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota co-existing with this plant. In the laboratory, each mixture was divided into two parts. One part was used to establish a pot culture with Plantago lanceolata as the host plant to initiate sporulation of fungi that had not produced spores in field conditions. In the second part, the numerical and species composition of the spore populations of AMF sporulating in the field was determined. Spores of AMF were found in 70 fieldcollected samples and 134 trap cultures. They represented 26 species and six undescribed morphotypes in six genera of the Glomeromycota. Of them, 20 species and three morphotypes in five genera occurred in the field, and 16 species and three morphotypes in five genera were found in trap cultures. The fungi most frequently revealed were members of the genus Glomus; a total of 17 species and six morphotypes of this genus were recognized. Considering the occurrence of spores in both field samples and trap cultures, the fungi most frequently co-occurring with roots of A. arenaria growing in the dunes of Bornholm were G. irregulare (present in 73.6% of samples), followed by Scutellospora dipurpurescens (19.4%) and Archaeospora trappei (10.3%). However, Glomus irregulare mainly sporulated in trap cultures; spores of this fungus were found in only 0.6% of field samples. Other relatively frequently found species were G. aggregatum (9.0%), G. eburneum (7.1%), Paraglomus laccatum (5.2%), and S. armeniaca (6.5%). The species most abundantly sporulating in the field were G. aggregatum (produced 28.36% of all spores isolated), G. badium (11.00%), and S. dipurpurescens (21.55%).
In the years 2006–2008, the occurrence of hyperparasites on rust of thickle plants growing in Drawsko and Szczecinek eutrophic lakes was investigated. Four species of hyperparasites of rust fungi were identified during the research. These were Ramularia coleosporii, R. uredinis, Sphaerellopsis filum and Tuberculina persicina. Hyperparasites of rust fungi were identified in eutrophic lakes Dolne and Wąsosze.
In 2006–2008, studies on occurrence of hyperparasites of Erysiphales pathogenic fungi to both cultivated and wild grown plants were carried out in the Lakeland of Bobolice. As a result of performed studies, 17 species of Erysiphales and 4 hyperparasite taxons were identified. The most commonly occurring hyperparasites were: Alternaria alternata, Alternaria sp. and Cladosporium sp., and they did not show any preference in relation to a host fungus species. However, the species Ampelomyces quisqualis showed a narrow range of host fungi, and was only identified on 8 species of Erysiphales. The most common host species fungus was Erysiphe cichoracearum, and A. quisqualis was found to parasite mycelium, conidia and occasionally young cleistothecia.
In the years 2002–2009, the species of fungi were identified on leaves and shoots Berberis vulgaris, Carpinus betulus, Euonymus fortunei, Fagus sylvatica, Ligustrum vulgare, Mahonia aquifolium and Symphoricarpos albus growing along streets and in parks. A total 17 fungal species were found.
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