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The aim of the present study was to establish the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on selected movement parameters, plasmalemma integrity, capacitation process and acrosome reaction in cryopreserved boar spermatozoa. A positive effect of PAF addition to cryopreserved semen on sperm motility was demonstrated, particularly with the application of phospholipid concentration of 1 x 10-6M-1 x 10-5M. A moderate induction of plasmalemma damage of cryopreserved spermatozoa was observed when PAF was used at a low concentration (1 x 10-8M-1 x 10-7M). The rate at which PAF induced the process of capacitation was inversely proportional to its concentration in the sample (the highest for the concentration of 1 x 10-8M, and the lowest at 1 x 10-5M). In turn, the strongest induction of acrosome reaction of spermatozoa was observed in samples with the addition of PAF at a concentration of 1 x 10-7M. The results obtained suggest that the application of PAF supplement to post-thawed boar semen can be used as a laboratory test of the ability of spermatozoa to induce the acrosome reaction.
Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) led to identification in the polypeptide maps of boar seminal plasma of four conserved polypeptides with identical molecular weight of 24 kDA, and different ranges of isoelectric point (pI): (1) 7.4-7.7, (2) 8.1-8.4, (3) 8.5-8.8 and (4) 9.2-9.4. In the current study the molecular structures of these polypeptides were analysed, for the first time, by mass spectrometry (LC – MS/MS). Computerized mass spectrometry analysis of the peptides obtained after trypsin-digestion of the polypeptides demonstrated their similarity to the family of spermadhesins (crystal structure of two members of the spermadhesin family), especially to epididymal spermadhesin AWN-1. In addition, homology was found of peptides 3 and 4 with a lysozyme C precursor (1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase C). The results presented might indicate the participation of the analysed polypeptides in the processes accompanying fertilization.
The aim of the study was to find out whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within arylsulfatase D (ARSD) gene is associated with kinematic parameters of sperm motility in Holstein- Friesian bulls. 367 Holstein-Friesian bulls kept in one AI center were included in the study. Point mutation C/T at position 139037255 on chromosome X (rs42207167) was identified by PCR-RFLP method (Pflm I). Significant associations were found between ARSD genotypes and CASA-derived sperm motility parameters: average TM (Total Motility), average VSL (Straight Velocity), average VCL (Curvilinear Velocity) and for fraction of sperms showing progressive motility (a) of sperms (VSLa, VCLa and BCFa -Beat Cross Frequency). Most significant differences were observed between alternative homozygotes (CC vs TT). Our results suggest new role of arylsulfatase D gene as being involved in sperm motility.
In this study, different assays were used to assess the structural and functional integrity of the sperm plasma membrane following freezing-thawing of the whole ejaculates (WEs) and sperm-rich fractions (SRFs) of boar semen. Besides sperm viability assessments (motility and mitochondrial membrane potential using a mitochondrial specific dye, JC-1 with propidium iodide, PI), sperm plasma membrane integrity (PMI) assessments were determined simultaneously using different membrane-based tests (SYBR- 14/PI and carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) with PI (CFDA/PI), and the hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test). ANOVA results showed that boar variability had a significant effect on the analysed parameters of post-thaw sperm characteristics. Spermatozoa harvested from the WEs exhibited a marked decline in post-thaw viability, manifested in reduced motility and mitochondrial membrane potential, than those originated from the SRFs after freezing-thawing. Cryopreservation compromised sperm PMI, as indicated in a significant decline in SYBR-stained, CFDA-stained or HOS-positive sperm cells, irrespective of the ejaculate collection procedure. It was observed that the membrane-based tests were strongly inter-correlated. Furthermore, agreement between the measurements of the membrane-based tests was confirmed by the Bland-Altman scatter plots of differences, suggesting that these tests could detect the same sperm cohorts, which were susceptible to cryo-induced membrane damage. The findings of this study indicate that dual fluorescent staining with SYBR-14/PI and CFDA/PI assays, in combination with the HOS test, provide more precise description of the sperm populations in frozen-thawed boar semen.
Selected qualitative and biochemical parameters were determined in cryopreserved semen used for artificial insemination, sampled from 120 bulls reared at the Animal Breeding and Insemination Center in Bydgoszcz. The total average motility of the analyzed sperm samples was determined at 62.51%. The percentage of motile spermatozoa displaying progressive forward motility was 21.65%. Analyzed samples were characterized by a high percentage of sperm cells with a intact plasma membrane (71.21%) and active mitochondria (71.32%). High efficiency of the enzymatic antioxidant system of the evaluated sperm cells was demonstrated by high activity of CAT, GPx and SOD (494.37, 2847.83 and 5.31U/1x109 spermatozoa, respectively) values and low values of the DNA Fragmentation Index (9.32). The results of the study, obtained with the involvement of advanced analytical methods, indicate a high fertilizing capability of the analyzed sperm samples.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) on the quality characteristics of cryopreserved canine spermatozoa. Cryopreserved semen of 5 mixed-breed dogs was treated with different concentrations of exogenous PAF (1 × 10⁻³M, 1 × 10⁻⁴M, 1 × 10⁻⁵M and 1 × 10-6M) and examined at different time intervals (0, 30, 60 and 120 min). Cryopreserved semen treated without PAF was used as the control. Sperm quality was evaluated for motility (computer-assisted semen analysis, CASA), mitochondrial function (JC-1/PI assay) and plasma membrane integrity (SYBR-14/PI assay and Hoechst 33258). Also, ATP content of spermatozoa was determined using a bioluminescence assay. Treatment of cryopreserved semen with 1 × 10⁻³ M PAF at 120 min of incubation resulted in significantly higher total sperm motility compared with the control. It was observed that PAF-improved total sperm motility was concurrent with enhanced sperm motility patterns after treatment of cryopreserved semen. Treatment of cryopreserved semen with PAF did not improve either sperm mitochondrial function or plasma membrane integrity, as monitored by different fluorescent membrane markers. Furthermore, ATP content of cryopreserved spermatozoa was significantly higher when PAF was used at a concentration of 1 × 10⁻³ M compared with the control and other PAF treatments, regardless of the incubation time. The findings of this study indicated that treatment with 1 × 10⁻³ M PAF at 120 min of incubation rendered better quality of cryopreserved canine semen, which was associated with improved sperm motility parameters and ATP content. It can be suggested that exogenous PAF addition is beneficial as a supplement for canine semen extender used for cryopreservation.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PAF supplementation in semen extender on ATP content in cryopreserved bull spermatozoa used for artificial insemination at different time intervals. Cryopreserved semen was treated with different concentrations of PAF: 1x10⁻⁵M, 1x10⁻⁶M, 1x10⁻⁷M, 1x10⁻⁸M and 1x10⁻⁹M at 37°C. In the present work we showed that content of ATP in cryopreserved semen supplemented with 1x10⁻⁹M PAF was statistically significantly higher at 90 and 120 minutes of incubation in comparison to the control group (p≤0.05). Present study indicates the potential influence of PAF on ATP content in male spermatozoa via it’s protective role towards mitochondria metabolic activity.
An attempt was made to use a modified 2-D PAGE technique to analyze seminal plasma proteins and their polymorphisms in relation to boar age and season. The 2-D PAGE analysis of seminal plasma proteins was performed using a buffer pH gradient of 3 to 10. Modifications to the 2-D PAGE procedure included substituting mercaptoethanol (ME) with dithiothreitol (DTT) and the use of a specific reagent assay (Plus One 2-D Clean-Up Kit, Amersham Biosciences), which markedly improved the resolution of the electrophoregrams. Polymorphisms by polypeptide mapping of boar seminal plasma were dependent on the animal age and season. Furthermore, the amount of polypeptides detected in the seminal plasma was significantly lower in 12 month-old boars compared with 3 year-olds. Additionally, the seminal plasma polypeptides were markedly lower in the summer than in the autumn. The results of the study showed that mapping seminal plasma proteins may be used as a marker for the secretor activity of boar accessory sex glands, and as a selection criterion for male reproduction.
This study was aimed to analyze the metabolic activity and membrane integrity of boar spermatozoa following storage in long-term semen extenders. Boar semen was diluted with Androhep® EnduraGuard™ (AeG), DILU-Cell (DC), SafeCell Plus™ (SCP) and Vitasem LD (VLD) extenders and stored for 10 days at 17°C. Parameters of the analyzed sperm metabolic activity included total motility (TMOT), progressive motility (PMOT), high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP content, whereas those of the membrane integrity included plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and normal apical ridge (NAR) acrosome. Extender type was a significant (P < 0.05) source of variation in all the analyzed sperm parameters, except for ATP content. Furthermore, the storage time had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the sperm metabolic activity and membrane integrity during semen storage. In all extenders the metabolic activity and membrane integrity of the stored spermatozoa decreased continuously over time. Among the four analyzed extenders, AeG and SCP showed the best performance in terms of TMOT and PMI on Days 5, 7 and 10 of storage. Marked differences in the proportions of spermatozoa with high MMP were observed between the extenders, particularly on Day 10 of storage. There were not any marked differences in sperm ATP content between the extenders, regardless of the storage time. Furthermore, the percentage of spermatozoa with NAR acrosomes decreased during prolonged storage, being markedly lower in DC-diluted semen compared with semen diluted with either AeG or SCP extender. The results of this study indicated that components of the long-term extenders have different effects on the sperm functionality and prolonged semen longevity by delaying the processes associated with sperm ageing during liquid storage.
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