There are increasing studies indicating neuroprotective effects for vitamin B12. In the present study, the effect of intracortical microinjection of vitamin B12 was investigated on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. We also examined the effects of intracortical microinjection of diazepam (a GABA-benzodiazepine receptor agonist) and flumazenil (a GABA- benzodiazepine receptor antagonist) to clarify the possible mechanism of vitamin B12. In urethane-anesthetized rats, epileptiform activity was induced by intracortical microinjection of penicillin (300 IU, 1.5 ^l), and the number and amplitude of spike waves were analyzed using electroencephalographs (EEG) recordings. Intracortical microinjections of vitamin B12 at doses of 100 and 200 ng/site, diazepam at a dose of 200 ng/site and their ineffective doses (50 ng/site of vitamin B12 with 50 ng/site of diazepam) co-microinjection treatment significantly (P<0.05) reduced both the number and amplitude of spike waves. In addition, combined microinjection of effective doses of vitamin B12 (100 ng/site) and diazepam (200 ng/site) produced more antiepileptiform effect in comparison with their alone used doses. The antiepileptic effects induced by microinjection of vitamin B12 and diazepam at a same dose of 200 ng/site were prevented by the same site microinjection of 50 ng/site of flumazenil. The results showed antiepileptiform activities for vitamin B12 and diazepam at the cerebral cortex level. A central GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex-mediated mechanism might be involved in the antiepileptiform activity of vitamin B12.
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