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Цель работы состояла в определении уровня специфических противотел анти-У. еnterocolitica в сыворотках избранных видов животных. В общем исследовано 1520 животных сывороток, в том 58 от овец, 652 от свиней, 435 от скота, 72 от собак, 116 от кур, 53 от лошадей, 134 от кроликов. С сыворотками выполнено реакцию агглютинации с применением формализованных антигенов, приготовленных из серотипов IА и V по Кнаппу и Талю. Среди всех исследованных сывороток наивысший процент реагирующих в титре 1:160 и выше показано у свиней (21,9%), в меньшей степени у скота (17,7%), собак (10,8%), овец (8,5%), лошадей (5,5%). В сыворотках кур и кроликов не отмечено так высоких титров относительно серотипов IА и V. На основе полученных результатов серологических исследований вытекает, что проблема ерсиниоза у животных обладает некоторым эпизоотическим значением в Польше
Глоточные миндалины от 154 убойных свиней исследовались на наличие Y. enterocolitica. Изолировано 13 штаммов, из которых 9 заквалифицировано к серотипу 3, а 5 штаммов к серотипу 9. Изолированные штаммы усследовались на вируленцию. Применено 3 критерия для оценки вирулентности: автоагглютинация, патогенность для мышеи и заторможение роста на magnesium-oxalate agar в 37°С. Полученные результаты внушают, что свиньи являются натуральным резервуаром вирулентных штаммов Y. enterocolitica и могут являться потенциальным источником инфекции для других животных и человека.
The objectives of the study were examine immunolo­gical processes developing in mice in experimental Yersi­nia enterocolitica infection. The studies were performed on the BALB/c mice infected perorally with 10s live viru­lent cells of Y. enterocolitica. The activity of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes T and В was evaluated in appriopriate tests. The dynamics of anti Y. enterocolitica antibodies was determined by agglutination and by indi­rect immunofluorescence test. It was found that in mice in the course of experimental yersiniasis both cellular and humoral immunity play an important role in protection but in various periods after infection. Cellular immunity develops earlier after about 6—9 days since infection but humoral immunity appears by about 12—15 day since infection.
Bacteriological examinations were carried out on 54 female dogs with clinical symptoms of endometritis-pyometra complex. Vaginal swabs were taken from pharmacologically treated animals but vaginal and uteral swabs were taken from surginally treated animals. Bacteria were isolated from 78.1-84.4% of the case. Among isolated bacteria Escherichia coli dominated. A lower number of isolates was obtained from the uterus than from vagina and bacteria were always isolated in a monoculture. The isolated bacteria were most sensitive to gentamycin (96.6%), neomycin (93.2%) and cotrimoxazole (85.1%).
After years of scientific and public discussion concerning a temperature rise resultant from human activity and the on-going industrialisation, the global warming has become an evident fact. The effect of the temperature rise and the climate change will surely alter epidemiological aspects of some infectious diseases. In this review, we try to analyse various data concerning the impact of global warming on the spread of infectious diseases caused by bacterial, viral and protozoan agents. Certainly, it is extremely important for veterinarians and public health that some diseases have altered in their epidemiological aspects and distribution. Some new diseases may emerge; others, previously endemic, may migrate to new geographical regions. The review is focused on pathogens important to both humans and livestock, such as malaria, dengue, bluetongue, West Nile virus, tick-born diseases and infectious diarrhoeas. There are still few scientific papers on the subject, because of numerous difficulties involved in conducting such studies, such as their long time of duration, multiple factors involved in such predictions, and complicated mathematical models containing climate and epidemiological data.
A virulent strain of Y. enterocolitica isolated from slaughter pigs was used to infect mice BALB/c. A dose of 10s given orally caused a heavy infection in all the mice. The bacteria administered subcutaneously resulted in the signs of septicaemia and death. The PM lesions in various tissues were similar: granulomas containing neutrophiles and histiocytes and micro-purulent foci produced the picture of micro-abscesses. The findings indicate that virulent strains of Y. enterocolitica isolated from pigs produce a similar process of disease as human strains do It seems that pigs are a natural reservoir of virulent strains of Y. enterocolitica and constitute a potential source of infection.
The purpose of the work was to identify staphylococci isolated from the cases of otitis externa in dogs. The ma­terial was taken from the external auditory canal of 59 dogs with clinical signs of otitis externa. Of 47 dogs 41 strains of Staphylococcus spp. were isolated, which appeared to be a dominant infectious factor. Out of the strains most of them were classified as Staph, interme- dius (46.3®/o) and Staph, aureus (22.0°/o). All the strains produced a positive coagulase reaction. In contrast, the coagulase negative strains, i.e. Staph, hominis, Staph, hyicus, Staph, cohmi, Staph, haemolyticus, Staph, xylosus occurred rare. The isolated coagulase-positive strains were sensitive to gentamycin and neomycin and had a conside­rable resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and oxytetra- cycline. A vaccine made of the isolated coagulase positive strains proved to be effective in the treatment of chronic otitis externa caused by staphylococci.
Intervention vaccinations were undertaken after 2.5 weeks since the first cases of abortions, i.e. when the percentage of abortions was 23. There were used the following vaccines: Equivac RP, Prevaccinol and RPK. Immunizations were performed on 3 groups of mares: group A comprised 19 animals vaccinated once with Equivac at months 8—9 or 9—10 of pragnancy. Group В containing 29 pregnant mares was immunized 3 times: at first (9 animals) in the 2—3 month, 10 animals in the 4—5th month and 9 animals in the 5—6th month, then for the second time in the months 4—5, 6—7 and 7—8, and for the third time in months 6—7, 8—9 and 9—10. The third group (C) was immunized for the first time when the mares were not pregnant, then in the 3—4 and 7—8th month of pregnancy. The percentage of abortion was 94.7% (group A), 10.3% (group B) and 0% (group C). Only three fold vaccinations protected mares from abortions in the infected environment.
The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of bacterial and mycologic flora in dogs with otitis externa and its sensitivity to selected drugs. Swabs were taken trom 92 dogs with signs of otitis externa. The following strains were isolated from 87 dogs: S. intermedius (51), E. colt (13), Streptococcus spp. (9), P. vulgaris (8), S. aureus (1), S. simulans (1), P. mirabilis (1), K. pneumoniae (1), and P. pachydermatis (36). Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to gentamicin (91.9%), amikacin (90.3%) and ce- fradine (72.6%), while an increased resistance was found to hnkomycin, penicillin, doxycycline and ampicillin. Gram-negative bacteria proved to be sensitive to amikacin (87 1%) metylmicin (83.8%), gentamicin (67.7%), and partly to doxycycline, cefradine, chloramphenicol and amoxicilline. The isolated strains of P. pachydermatis were most sensitive to ketoconazole (100%) and mycoconazole (88.9%). They were relatively resistant to pimaricine, nystatin and amphotericin B.
A total of 100 Malassezia pachydermatis strains recovered from skin and mucosal membranes of dogs were evaluated for their adhesive properties. Two types of growth, related to colony morphology on Sabouraud agar, were observed (type I and II). The mean number of fungal cells attaching to canine buccal epithelial cells was found to be 17. The number of adhered cells was greater (statistically significant at the level of p < 0.01) in strains belonging to the type I.
The influence of high impulse voltages on Gram negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) bacteria was examined. The impulses were produced in a one-grade generator of high insult voltages. A complete reduction of E. coli was noted for U = 40 kV and n = 50. On the other hand, for S. aureus and L. monocytogenes the number of live bacterial cells in one cubic cm was reduced by four or three grades of value. The observed differences in the survival of the bacteria examined result from differences in bacterial wall structure, size and shape. On the basis of the research we may conclude that the impulsive electric field may destroy microbial cells. Therefore, high impulsive voltage methods may be used to sterilize consumptive liquids.
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