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This study aimed to research the impact of putrescine against the long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon polymorphisms (Nikita-E2647, Sukkula, Stowaway, WLTR2105 and 50LTR) induced by salinity stress in Triticum aestivum using inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) assay. The results showed that the LTR retrotransposon polymorphisms can be induced by all treated sodium chloride (NaCl) doses (0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 mMNaCl).On the other hand, theLTRretrotransposons polymorphisms were decreased effectively by treatment with putrescine (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM) together with NaCl. These results suggest that putrescine could effectively inhibit salt-induced LTR retrotransposon polymorphisms, and putrescine positively contributed to salt stress tolerance.
In this research, we aimed to evaluate DNA damage levels, DNA methylation, protein and phytohormone levels changes in corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings exposed to chromium nitrate (Cr). The results showed that the used all chromium doses caused a decreasing mitotic index, genomic template stability and soluble protein levels and increasing in RAPDs profile changes (DNA damage) and DNA hypermethylation. In additional, in the high-pressure liquid chromatography analyses, it was also observed that Cr contamination caused a decreasing in the growth-promoting hormones including gibberellic acid (GA), zeatin (ZA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) levels, in contrast to abscisic acid (ABA) level. The results of this experiment have clearly shown that Cr has epigenetic effect as well as genotoxic effect. Some of phytohormones decreasing (GA, ZA and IAA) and especially increasing of ABA levels under Cr stress may be a part of the defense system against the stress.
In this research we aimed to evaluate DNA damage levels, DNA methylation, and protein and pytohormone level changes in corn seedlings (Zea mays L.) exposed to 5, 10, 20, and 40 mM concentrations of lead sulfate solution (PbSO4). The results showed that all concentrations of the test material caused a decreasing mitotic index, genomic template stability (GTS), and soluble protein levels, but increased RAPDs profile changes (DNA damage) and DNA hypermethylation. Moreover, in the HPLC (high-pressure liquid chromatography) analyses, it was also observed that Pb contamination caused a decrease in the growth-promoting hormones including gibberellic acid (GA), zeatin (ZA), and indole acetic acid (IAA) levels, in contrast to increasing the absisic acid (ABA) level. The results of this experiment have clearly shown that Pb has a significant impact on the epigenetic mechanisms as well as its genotoxic effects. Some of phytohormone decreases (GA, ZA and IAA) and especially increasing ABA levels under Pb stress may be a part of the defense system against stress.
In this study, we aimed to determine chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Satureja hortensis and Calamintha nepeta against to 20 phytopathogenic bacteria causing serious crop loss. The essential oils of S. hortensis and C. nepeta were isolated by the hydrodistillation method and the chemical composition of the essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial properties of the essential oils were evaluated against 20 phytopathogenic bacteria through Disc diffusion assay and micro dilution assay. The results revealed that the essential oils of S. hortensis and C. nepeta have significant antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the findings of the study are valuable for future investigations focusing on the alternative natural compounds to control plant diseases.
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