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Subject and purpose of work: The article is devoted to the issue of martyrdom museums and relations they create. Its major aim is to identify and analyze relations between martyrdom museums and local communities. An attempt is made to determine how they can be managed so as to maintain their positive aspects or reorientate them into being more effective. Materials and methods: The study methods used were literature review and data analysis. Statistics and data provided by selected institutions as well as information presented in the local media were analyzed. Results: As a result, areas and ways of creating relationships were identified, as well as differences in initiating them. With regard to the different perspectives of residents and visitors, the necessity of cooperation and communication was emphasized. Conclusions: The way of creating relations depends on the size and range of a museum. As these factors influence the intensity of discussion, smaller museums are not mentioned in the literature.
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Babeszjoza u bydla

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Introduction. The variance in human athletic ability is the result of interaction of both genetic and environmental factors. The ADRA2A gene that encodes adrenergic receptors α2 is likely to be a candidate gene because ADRA2A receptors are crucial for precise cardiovascular control and are involved in the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis, glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Several genetic variants of the ADRA2A gene have been identified, and one nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs553668 seems to be of special importance. On the basis of results of available studies it is assumed that the C allele of rs553668 might be associated with the status of Polish elite endurance athletes. Aim of the Study. The purposes of the study were to determine the distribution of the ADRA2A rs553668 SNP genotypes within a sample of Polish elite endurance athletes and sedentary controls to investigate a possible association between genetic polymorphisms in the ADRA2A gene and elite endurance athlete status and to check for an association between the rs553668 genotypes and alleles and the athlete status. Material and Methods. The study was performed on a group of 123 elite Polish endurance-oriented athletes. Control samples were prepared from 228 unrelated, sedentary volunteers. Results. No statistical differences were found between the endurance athletes and the control group across the ADRA2A C/T genotypes. Similarly, no statistical differences among the subgroups of top-elite, elite and sub-elite endurance athletes were observed. Conclusions.We found that the C allele as well as C-containing genotypes were not significantly more frequent in endurance athletes than in controls. This may suggest that harboring the T allele of the SNP rs553668 allele does not decrease the probability of being an endurance-oriented athlete in the Polish population. In respect to the analyzed population of Polish endurance athletes the ADRA2A gene can not be considered a candidate determinant of individual variations in exercise-related phenotypes.
The aim of the study was to establish the role of forest birds as reservoirs of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. in Wielkopolski National Park. A total of 108 birds from 9 species were collected between May–September 2002. Blood samples were taken from 84 specimens and 442 individuals of the common tick, Ixodes ricinus, were collected from the birds. The 73 additional ticks were collected from vegetation. PCR amplification of a fragment of the epank 1 gene and 18S rRNA gene was used for detection of A. phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. DNA, respectively. Pathogen DNA was not detected in any of the blood samples or ticks collected from birds. On the other hand, 3 ticks collected from vegetation (4.1% of all examined specimens) were positive for A. phagocytophilum DNA. In spite of the high level of infestation of birds by I. ricinus, it is clear that they do not constitute a competent reservoir of A. phagocytophilum and Babesia in WNP. Additionally, I. ricinus is not a significant vector in this area.
The aim of the paper was an attempt to correlate clinical signs with the presence of DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) s.l. and the antibodies against B. burgdorferi s.l. in the blood of dogs. Among the animals studied there were 62 dogs delivered to the Veterinary Clinic in Szczecin and 30 from the Municipal Animal Shelter in Szczecin with varied clinical signs of borreliosis. In all cases the owners admitted frequent contacts of their dogs with ticks, both in the past, as well as shortly before the onset of sickness. We used two methods: PCR for detecting DNA of B. burgdorferi s.l. and ELISA test for detecting antibodies against the spirochete. Lameness, the principal symptom of canine borreliosis was the most frequent symptom of the group of 31 PCR-positive animals. The other most common symptoms in PCR-positive dogs were fever, swelling of joints and loss of body weight. DNA of B. burgdorferi s.l. was most frequently detected in the blood of dogs of the group 2-5 years old (13/54.1%). ELISA tests specific for IgG antibodies were positive in 37 of 92 sera (40.2%) taken from examined dogs. Lameness was observed in 15 of 37 IgG-seropositive dogs and in 25 of 55 seronegative animals. In 54% of dogs with the antibodies, swelling of instep- and wrist joints was observed compared to only 24.4% in seronegative dogs. An attempt to correlate the PCR results with the results of tests detecting antibodies against B. burgdorferi s.l. revealed that fewer than half (45.1%) of the dogs with presence of DNA of the spirochete, developed an immune response. Therefore the transfer of B. burgdorferi s.l. form, the primary lesion to the target tissues, is possible in dogs which did not develop immune response or develop an insufficient response. Among 92 borreliosis-suspected dogs 54 (over 58%) were diagnosed positively using laboratory methods. In most cases there was a correlation between clinical symptoms of borreliosis and presence of DNA B. burgdorferi, thus PCR may contribute to improving to a large extent diagnostic of canine Lyme disease.
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