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The purpose of this article is to characterize patients, reviewing symptoms and types of foreign bodies removed from the gastrointestinal tract of small animals with the use of endoscopy techniques: minimally invasive surgical and diagnostic procedures. The subject analysis consisted of 35 clinical cases of patients with a foreign body identified in the esophageal or in the stomach. The most commonly reported symptoms were sialorrhoea, regurgitation, gagging, dispiritedness and lack of appetite. In some animals no clinical symptoms were observed. The most common foreign bodies were bones and elements of toys. None of the examined patients developed complications in the form of a wall perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. Following treatment, 34 animals fully recovered. However in one case, while removing the bones from the esophagus, a dog died. The removal of foreign bodies using endoscopy is an effective and relatively simple diagnostic procedure. Patients quickly recover after the application of appropriate pharmacological and dietary treatment.
Angiostrongylosis is a parasitosis of the cardio-pulmonary system of dogs and other canidae, such as foxes, caused by nematodes Angiostrongylus vasorum. The parasite is found in Europe, North and South America and Africa. Its distribution has been characterized by isolated endemic foci, with only sporadic occurrences outside the above areas, but in recent years the geographic range of Angiostrongylus vasorum has been expanding, leading to increased disease cases in dogs in new areas. The epidemiology of the parasite in eastern European countries is poorly known. So far little is known about its presence in Poland. Seroprevalence of angiostrongylosis in dogs from different parts of Poland in 2012 was 0.51%. This article is the first report describing a clinical case of canine angiostrongylosis directly diagnosed in Poland. The authors present a clinical case of infestation with Angiostrongylus vasorum in a 1.5-year-old female dog of the Dalmatian breed. Different clinical symptoms including coughing, emesis with blood, and occasional bleeding from the nostrils were observed. Its diagnosis was based on radiological and endoscopic examinations. Morphological and biochemical examinations of the blood were also performed. A definite diagnosis was made by parasitological investigation of stool samples. Treatment was successful, and all alarming symptoms subsided.
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The aim of this study was to assess cardiac disorders in dogs infected with B. canis. The study included 50 dogs with babesiosis and 20 healthy control animals. All the animals had haematological tests, ECG, echocardiography and serum troponin I and CK-MB levels checked. The haematology in the group of dogs with babesiosis confirmed thrombocytopaenia in 100% of dogs, decreased haematocrit in 52% and anaemia in 46%. The most common abnormalities in ECG and echocardiography in dogs infected with protozoa included: change in appearance and/or amplitude of the T-wave (34%), increased fractional shortening (24%), an increased sinus rhythm (14%) and heart axis deviation (10%). In 19 of the 50 dogs with babesiosis, the level of serum troponin I was elevated. In 2 dogs that died from babesiosis, the troponin level I was very high. The ECG confirmed sinus tachycardia and interpolated ventricular beat in these animals. In all dogs with babesiosis that were used in the study, the serum CK-MB was high or very high and was within limits of 23.17 U/L – 369.62 U/L. The highest kinase concentration (367.33 U/L and 369.62 U/L) was observed in dogs that died due to the disease. The presented results prove that cardiac changes are common in canine babesiosis, but that most changes are nonspecific and appear to have little clinical significance. Cardiovascular assessment should be based on the assessment of the level of troponin I and CK-MB in the serum of sick animals. High concentrations of these factors might be indicators of poor prognosis.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most common causes of chronic clinical signs from the gastrointestinal tract, associated with histological evidence of inflammation in the lamina propria of the small and/or large intestine in cats. The underlying etiopathogenesis of this inflammation remains unclear. IBD is probably caused by a combination of environmental and immune factors in genetically susceptible individuals. The process of diagnosing IBD involves several steps and is based on the exclusion of other causes of gastrointestinal signs and on the confirmation of the presence of inflammatory infiltration in the intestinal wall by histopathological assessment of biopsies. The treatment is based on anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. In addition, dietotherapy, antibiotics, antiparasitic drugs, prebiotics, probiotics and supplementation of vitamin b12 are also used. For most patients, the response to treatment is satisfactory, but the maintenance of clinical remission in most of them may require anti-inflammatory drugs for the rest of their lives.
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