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Stosując Virkon Firmy Naturan, uznany za skuteczny i bezpieczny środek dezynfekcyjny, porównano sposoby przeprowadzenia dezynfekcji metodami oprysku i zamgławiania w zakresie dokładności, skuteczności i opłacalności. W wyniku badań przeprowadzonych w różnych budynkach inwentarskich stwierdzono, że metoda zamgławiania skutecznie konkuruje z powszechnie stosowaną mniej dokładną, a bardziej pracochłonną i droższą metodą oprysku. Zasadnicze różnice, na korzyść metody zamgławiania, to: zmniejszenie co najmniej o połowę ilości stosowanego środka dezynfekcyjnego, dokładne pokrycie mikrokropelkami roztworu wszystkich powierzchni w pomieszczeniu (przy oprysku zostają nie pokryte miejsca zasłonięte od kierunkowo padającego strumienia z opryskiwacza), dezynfekcja powietrza w całej kubaturze, oszczędność nawet do 80% czasu wykonania dezynfekcji. Metoda zamgławiania może ograniczyć działalność osób wykonujących dezynfekcję do przygotowania roztworu, wstawienia do pomieszczenia,włączenia i wyłączenia zamgławiacza.
Influence of preventive administration of phytocomponents on the distribution of inner body temperature during the perinatal period and MMA syndrome The aim of the investigations was to trace the influence of preventive administration of phytocomponents on metabolic activity as demonstrated by inner body temperature of gilts and sows in the perinatal period. The animals were randomly divided into two groups, i.e. a control and an experimental one. The components of the tested preparation were Folium urticae, Fructus Silybi mariani and Exocarpium fagopyri. The preparation was added to feed in the form of a mixture at a rate of 20 g daily per animal. In both groups inner body temperature was measured 3 times daily for 3 days before the expected day of parturition, at the day of parturition, and 3 days after parturition. MMA syndrome was observed in both groups of animals. It was found, however, that the administration of the phytodrugs in the perinatal period decreased the upper range of inner body temperature and assuaged the course of MMA syndrome. Higher inner body temperatures were observed in sows than those in gilts; an increase of temperature was observed a day before parturition and was attributed to the presence of MMA syndrome.
Serological and histopathological studies and virus isolation from sows and/or fetuses are used to diagnose PRRS. In order to explain changes in the infected animal, biochemical examinations of blood serum should be done. The aim of the studies was explain if piglets coming from sows seropositive to Lelystad virus after the end of colostral immunity, develop significant changes in blood serum biochemical parameters during the next 4 weeks. Blood samples for biochemical studies were collected from 4-week-old piglets. Next, samples were collected twice at 2 week intervals from 20 randomly selected piglets from the same litters. An increase above the standards of inorganic phosphorus, potassium, bilirubin, and activity of AST, ALT and ALP was discovered. Below accepted standard were natrium, glucose and total protein. Clinical symptoms like apathy, anorexia, internal body temperature up to 40.2°C, hair bristling and emaciation, were observed in piglets older than 4 weeks. The level of the blood serum biochemical parameters, clinical symptoms and gross lesions indicate that in piglets from sows infected with Lelystad virus a malignant malnutrition-like syndrome occurs.
Feeding is one of the main item in prophylaxis of the perinatal period diseases in sows. In the paper attention was paid to an extremely low level of crude fiber in a diet of sows in a perinatal period. The granulated feed containing 5.0% of buckweat hulls (Exocarpim fagopyri-Ef) was used in 60 sows from day 90 of pregnancy to day 28 of lactation. During the experiment productivity of sows and their progeny and some biochemical, haematological, ethological and clinical parameters were investigated. It was found that the diet containing 5.0% of Ef did not affect the number of the perinatal period diseases in sows but it facilitated defecation and reduced the percentage of sick piglets. On the other hand, using of Ef enabled to adopt its as a feed component and simultaneously reduced costs of animal feeding.
The present study deals with the influence of experimental ZEA mycotoxicosis on histopathological lesions in ovaries of bitches, which were administered zearalenoneperos during anestrus phase for one hundred days. The experiment was performed on 9 sexually mature, clinically healthy bitches. The animals assigned into two experimental groups received zearalenone per os at two doses, 25 μg/kg b.w. and 50 μg/kg b.w., respectively: the bitches from control group received placebo per os. On the last day of zearalenone intoxication, the bitches were ovariohystorectomized. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed. The study revealed that zearalenone and its metabolites caused profound regressive lesions: granular cells degeneration and atrophy. Numerous edemas and blood extravasations were also found. The intensity of these changes was significantly dose dependent. Furthermore, in ovarian cells and tissues of both experimental groups, no reaction for PCNA antigen was observed. In conclusion, zearalenone and its metabolites exerts unfavorable effects on the morphology of ovaries in bitches.
The studies were carried out on an industrial fattening unit of Agrocomplex type. The following haematological and biochemical indices were determined: Na, K, Ca, P-mineral and total protein content, AlAT, AspAT and AP activities and also the level of urea. Blood samples were taken from 145 piglets at 0, 6th, 12th, 24th, 72nd and 120th hour of their life. The following changes were found: an increase of RBC count, per cent of neutrophils, total protein level, activities of AspAT, AlAT and de Ritis ratio. Simultaneously a decrease of RBC count, percentage of monocytes and lymphocytes, the level of Na and K during the first six hours of life were observed as well. The changes in these parameters promote the acquisition by piglets a high level of passive immunity in the first hours of life; at the same time there is a strong reaction of piglets to stress associated with parturition.
Among large husbandry animals, swine are the most predisposed to zearalenone (ZEA) intoxication, mainly because cereal is an important component of their diet. Studies performed so far (in vivo, in vitro) suggest that ZEA and its metabolites, which may appear due to ZEA biotransformation (especially α-zearalenole; α-ZOL), can modify signaling cascades of endogenous sex steroids, through either receptor or non-receptor mechanisms. Of all age groups of swine, immature gilts are particularly predisposed to zearalenone intoxication, as manifested by the occurrence of genital tract tissue dysfunction on exposure to ZEA. The intensity of the adverse effects observed at either systemic or local level in gilts, when compared to sexually mature swine females, suggest that specific age-dependent physiological conditions may exist, which determine the high sensitivity of gilts to exogenous estrogen-like compounds, including ZEA.
Цель работы состояла в анализе избранных гематологических показателей у ремонтных молодых свиноматок во время развития синдрома ММА в день родов и 3 дня дозже, которым период конечного соматического развития поправили зоогигиенические параментры (длину световых суток, увеличение жизненной площади в клетках) и изменили вид корма с большим содержанием белка. Гематологические результаты показывают, что развитие самого процесса болезни было легче. Форма приема соматичского стресса была слабее выражена и, вероятно, процессы гуморального и клеточного иммунитета были развиты надлежащим образом. Последовала также усиленная активность полиморфонуклеарных клеток (нейтрофиллов).
Zearalenone (ZEA) is an undesirable substance in feed materials and feed of plant origin. It is an example of the micotoxin that causes disturbances in the functioning of the reproductive system. The wide range of plant compounds in pet food means that ZEA may frequently have a negative effect on pet reproduction. An assessment of the influence of ZEA on the granulosa and theca cells of the ovarian follicle in bitches in vitro was carried out. The co-culture of the ovarian follicles was incubated for 72 hours with the addition of 12.5 ng/ml and 25.0 ng/ml of ZEA. Numerous vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the granulosa cells were noted in the culture with the addition of 25.0 ng/ml of ZEA. Preliminary investigations suggest negative effect of ZEA on the granulosa cells in bitches in vitro.
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of experimental zearalenone (ZEA) my- cotoxicosis on the ultrastructure of ovaries in bitches receving zearalenone for 100 days per os in the anestrus phase. Experiment has been conducted on 9 sexually mature clinically healthy bitches. The sexually mature animals aged 1-3 years were in anestrus. The dogs have been divided into three groups: EI and Ell, receiving ZEA per os in two dosages (25 μg/kg and 50 μg/kg b.w.) and control animals which received placebo per os. On the last day of experiment, ovariohysterectomy was performed in all the bitches and the uterine samples were submitted to ultrastructural analyses. The study has revealed that long lasting administration of higher dose of zearalenone causes ultrastructural changes in the granular layer of ovarian follicles, which showed due to their biological activity decrease. The changes in the granular layer, atrophy of intercellular connections and the appearance of intercellular spaces can stand for reduced activity of this layer. Changes in morphology of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus sugest ZEA influence on cell metabolism and secretory processes. It seems therefore that in bitches and other monogastric animals, intoxications induced by this mycotoxin causes ultrastructural changes in granular cells of ovarian follicles.
Oestrus status without standing reflex is enumerated among the typical clinical signs of zearalenone mycotoxicosis in sexually immature gilts. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a low dose of zearalenone applied per os for 7 days on the morphometric results of the organs of the reproductive system in sexually immature gilts that were and that were not subjected to ovariectomy. Zearalenone and α-zearalenole were determined in blood plasma with the common use of separation methods with the columns of immunological affinity and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection. Tissues of the reproductive system were taken directly after the slaughter (on day 8 of the experiment) for morphometric examinations. The study was carried out on twelve 4 months old gilts, at 38-45 kg of body weight. The results obtained showed that per os application of zearalenone at a dose of 200 µg /kg b.w. for 7 days evoked signs of apparent sexual readiness without standing reflex in gilts after ovariectomy and in physiologically efficient gilts. The level of α-zearalenole had been significantly increased and zearalenone had been noted in blood serum before these signs appeared. Double and triple enlargement of the uterus was noted in both experimental groups. The mass and volume of the ovaries in physiologically efficient gilts diminished about 50%.
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