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1

Investigation of drought tolerance of wheat varieties: the importance of glutathione s-transferase and peroxidase activities

100%
Csiszar J., Tari I., Galle A., Kiraly E., Erdei L.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2004
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tom 26
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nr 3 suppl.
2
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Cytokinin overproducing ipt-161 Arabidopsis shows altered NO generation and insensitivity to selenite

86%
Kolbert Z., Lehotai N., Peto A., Feigl G., Tugyi N., Erdei L.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
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2013
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tom 94
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nr 2
3

In vivo and in situ visualization of early physiological events induced by heavy metals in pea root meristem

86%
Lehotai N., Peto A., Bajkan S., Erdei L., Tari I., Kolbert Z.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2011
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tom 33
|
nr 6
Heavy metals (HMs) are toxic pollutants, which can negatively affect the physiological processes of plants; moreover, HMs can be present in the food chain endangering people’s health. The aim of this study was to investigate the early physiological events during HM exposure in the root tips of the food plant Pisum sativum L. Ten-day-old pea plants were treated with 100 µM CdCl₂ or CuSO₄, in nutrient solution for 48 h. We studied the rapid formation of different reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ and superoxide radical O₂⁻) and reactive nitrogen species (nitric oxide NO and peroxynitrite ONOO⁻) together with membrane damage and cell death in the meristem cells of pea roots using in vivo and in situ microscopic methods. In our experimental system, copper and cadmium induced the formation of H₂O₂ and NO. Two hours of heavy metal treatments resulted in an increased O₂⁻ formation; however, later the level of this reactive molecule dramatically decreased. We found that high levels of NO were needed for ONOO⁻ production under HM exposure. A fast loss of membrane integrity and decreased cell viability were detected in root tips of copper-treated plants. The effects of cadmium seemed to be slower compared to copper, but this non-essential metal also caused cell death. We concluded that viability decreased when NO and H₂O₂ levels were simultaneously high in the same tissues. Using the NO scavenger it was also evidenced that NO generation is essential for cell death induction under copper or cadmium stress.
4

Relationship between osmotic stress-induced abscisic acid accumulation, biomass production and plant growth in drought-tolerant and -sensitive wheat cultivars

72%
Guoth A., Benyo D., Csiszar J., Galle A., Horvath F., Cseuz L., Erdei L., Tari I.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2010
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tom 32
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nr 4
The effects of increasing osmotic stress induced by 100–400 mOsm (-0.976 MPa) polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) were investigated in a drought-tolerant (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Mv Emese) and drought-sensitive (cv. GK Élet) wheat cultivar at the three-leaf stage. During osmotic stress, the decline of the water potential (ψw) was more significant in the leaves, while the abscisic acid (ABA) levels of the roots increased earlier and remained higher in the sensitive than in the tolerant variety. There was an increasing gradient of ABA content toward the youngest leaves in the drought-sensitive GK Élet, while more ABA accumulated in the fully developed, older leaves of the tolerant cultivar Mv Emese. In accordance with the rapid and significant accumulation of ABA, the stomatal conductance decreased earlier in the tolerant cultivar. The effect of water stress on the PSII photochemistry was pronounced only 1 week after the exposure to PEG, as indicated by the earlier decrease of the net CO2 fixation, the effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) and the photochemical quenching (qP) in light-adapted samples of the tolerant variety in 400 mOsm PEG 6000. The stress treatment caused more significant reductions in these parameters toward the end of the experiment in the sensitive cultivar. In spite of small differences in the photosynthetic characteristics, the net biomass production was not significantly altered by this osmotic stress. The accumulation of ABA controlled the distribution of the biomass between the shoot and root systems under osmotic stress, and contributed to the development of stronger and deeper roots in the drought-sensitive cultivar GK Élet. However, the root elongation did not correlate with the drought sensitivity of these cultivars on the basis of crop yield.
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