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Investigation of apple genetic resources to select donors resistant to fungal diseases and for their winterhardiness

100%
Gelvonauskis B., Shikshnianas T., Duchovskis P., Gelvonauskiene D.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
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2004
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tom 497
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nr 2
Apple cultivars were investigated for fungal disease resistance and for winterhardiness. Diallel crosses of 8 apple cultivars were made according to Griffing’s method 4. Winterhardiness of apple seedlings and resistance of apple seedlings to fungal diseases were estimated by using a 0-5 scale. Significant differences for winterhardiness, resistance to scab, powdery mildew and apple blotch were found among the apple crosses in all the analyzed years (average of tree years for winterhardiness and average of six years for scab resistance). General and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) were highly significant for all investigated parental cultivars and traits, except SCA for resistance to powdery mildew. It showed that genetic variability existed for these traits and selection should result in genetic progress. Moreover, winterhardiness and resistance to scab, powdery mildew and apple blotch are mainly controlled by the additive gene action. Therefore a selection of parents on phenotype should be effective for breeding resistant apple cultivars.
2
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Study of black currant genetic resources to select donors resistance to fungal diseases and for their tolerance to spring frosts

100%
Gelvonauskis B., Shikshnianas T., Duchovslcis P., Gelvonauskiene D.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
|
2004
|
tom 497
|
nr 2
Black currant clones and cultivars were investigated for resistance to fungal diseases and tolerance to spring frosts. Tolerance of black currants to spring frosts was detected by using artificial freezing method. General combining ability (GCA) during three years of investigation was highly significant for all investigated parental cultivars and traits. It was noted that eleven black currant cultivars and clones differed in combining ability of resistance to fungal diseases. Resistance to American mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae Berk et Curt) and septoria leaf spot (Mycosphaerella ribis Kleb) is determined by genes with additive effects. Black currant clone D16/1/-25 was proved to be a donor of resistance to American powdery mildew and septoria leaf spot. It was shown that generative organs of black currants were the most sensitive to spring frost at organogenesis stage VII. The critical temperature for flower tissues is -3°C for most investigated black currant cultivars.
3
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In vitro techniques used in breeding program in the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture

76%
Rugienius R., Stanys V., Staniene G., Shikshnianas T., Gelvonauskiene D., Gelvonauskis B.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
|
2004
|
tom 497
|
nr 2
Usefulness and efficiency of different in vitro techniques (micropropagation, distant hybridization with using embryo rescue techniques and desired trait screening) in fruit plant breeding program was shown, basing on the results of studies realized in Department of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology of Horticulture Institute in Kaunas. Under the optimized conditions, the efficiency of plum micropropagation was 3-6 shoots per explant. In micropropagation of Japanese quince the highest rooting average (about 43%) was obtained at a medium pH lower than 5.0. The most important factor of embryo rescue efficiency was the time of isolation (43rd day after pollination). Results of in vitro screening of desired plant characters were confirmed by in vivo analysis at the level from 20 to 100%, depended on poly- or monogenic type of trait.
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