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Background: Tumor microenvironment, in particular the stroma, plays an important role in breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Investigation of the molecular characteristics of breast cancer stroma may reveal targets for future study. Methods: The transcriptome profiles of breast cancer stroma and normal breast stroma were compared to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The method was analysis of GSE26910 and GSE10797 datasets. Common DEGs were identified and then analyses of enriched pathways and hub genes were performed. Results: A total of 146 DEGs were common to GSE26910 and GSE10797. The enriched pathways were associated with “extracellular matrix (ECM) organization”, “ECM-receptor interaction” and “focal adhesion”. Network analysis identified six key genes, including JUN, FOS, ATF3, STAT1, COL1A1 and FN1. Notably, COL1A1 and FN1 were identified for the first time as cancer stromal key genes associated with breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Oncome analysis showed that the high expression levels of COL1A1 and FN1 correlated to an advanced stage of breast cancer and poor clinical outcomes. Conclusions: We found that several conserved tumor stromal genes might regulate breast cancer invasion through ECM remodeling. The clinical outcome analyses of COL1A1 and FN1 suggest these two genes are promising targets for future studies.
Fruit bagging has been widely used in the fruit production industry; however, in apples, it is known to cause a significant decrease in fruit sugar contents. To address this issue and identify the changes in leaf mineral contents associated with fruit sugar levels in bagged apples, aqueous solutions of 10 g L⁻¹ CaCl₂,5gL⁻¹ KH₂PO₄, or 2gL⁻¹ Na₂B₄O₇‧10H₂O were foliar sprayed during four fruit developmental stages. The late-season leaf phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents after the rapid fruit growth period and the soluble sugar contents in ripening fruit were significantly lower in bagged fruit than in nonbagged fruit (11.1–15.09 %). The decreases in leaf P and K contents caused by bagging were almost completely compensated for by foliage applications of CaCl₂, KH₂PO₄, or Na₂B₄O₇ during the fruit set period. Therefore, the fruit soluble sugar contents were significantly higher in bagged ripening fruit with foliar spray than in bagged fruit without foliar sprays, reaching the levels of non-bagged apples. The decrease in the sugar contents of bagged apples was closely associated with the decrease in late-season leaf P and K levels caused by fruit bagging.
Low concentrations of sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) can enhance some plant photosynthetic efficiency. To investigate the growth process of Arabidopsis seedlings in response to NaHSO3 treatment and to obtain a better understanding the mechanism of NaHSO3 treatment toward Arabidopsis, microarray experiments on Arabidopsis thaliana were performed in the present study. Seedlings growth and physiological responses of Arabidopsis to NaHSO3 were investigated. The results indicated that the NaHSO3 response was related to photosynthesis pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Our findings could provide valuable gene resources and theoretical information for understanding the physiological responses and dissecting the NaHSO3 response pathways in higher plants.
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