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1

Influence of aleyrodidae fly population on cotton crop diseases under different environmental conditions

100%
Abbas M., Qamar M. A., Ehtisham-ul-Haque S., Kamran Rafique M., Anwar A., Masood N., Asif Tahir M., Nisar N., Iqbal M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2017
|
tom 26
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nr 2
Aleyrodidae fly is a vector carrier of various diseases in crops, plants, and vegetables. The present investigation evaluated the Aleyrodidae fly population for its relationship with cotton disease under different environmental conditions. Faisalabad, Chiniot, Sargodha, Jhang, Toba Tek Singh (T. T. Singh), and Burewala from Punjab, Pakistan were selected for this study. The Aleyrodidae fly population was found to be significantly different in selected regions, and endosymbionts of Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, Fritschea, Cardinium, Arsenophonus, and Wolbachia were recorded in promotions to the Aleyrodidae fly population. The Hamiltonella co-infection percentages in Faisalabad, Chiniot, Sargodha, Jhang, T. T. Singh, and Burewala were recorded as 51, 28, 75, 8, 23, and 25, respectively, whereas relative abundance percentages of Hamiltonella endosymbiont were recorded as 52, 35, 65, 5, 20, and 21 in Faisalabad, Chiniot, Sargodha, Jhang, T. T. Singh, and Burewala, respectively. A similar trend was observed for Rickettsia, Fritschea, Cardinium, Arsenophonus, and Wolbachia co-infection and relative abundances. Results revealed that the Aleyrodidae fly is a carrier of different endosymbionts, which were significantly different under different environmental conditions.
2

Managing paper and pulp industry by-product waste utilizing sludge as a bio-fertilizer

81%
Fahim S., Nisar N., Ahmad Z., Asghar Z., Said A., Atif S., Ghani N., Qureshi N., Soomro G. A., Iqbal M., Nazir A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2019
|
tom 28
|
nr 1
An enormous amount of waste material (sludge) generated from paper and pulp industries is either dumped or incinerated. However, this pulp is an enriched source of macronutrients and can be employed on agricultural land to improve its fertility. The current study was therefore performed to analyze phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) by flame photometer, nitrogen (N) by Kjeldahl method, and magnesium (Mg) by back titration from sludge. The application of sludge significantly increases macronutrients in the plants lady finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) and garden mint (Mentha sachalinensis).We applied primary (initial husk treatment) and secondary (after primary treatment) sludge to observe the growth of Abelmoschus esculentus and Mentha sachalinensis. However, primary sludge showed the highest concentration of nutrients, i.e., 96.5% P, 99.6% N, 86% Ca, and 0.008% Mg. The application of paper and pulp waste to the soil indicates that these bio-solids are good for soil fertility, biomass production, and plant growth; however, they are slightly less efficient than synthetic fertilizers. However, the synthetic fertilizers are probable candidates for holding heavy metals, so these bio-solids can be considered a better source for soil fertility.
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