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The aim of the present study was: (1) to estimate the dynamics of estrone (E1) concentrations in the blood serum of the European bison Bison bonasus (L.) with and without spermiogenesis; (2) to compare the body mass and testis mass between animals with and without spermiogenesis; (3) and to investigate if there is a correlation between estrone levels in the blood serum of animals and their age, body mass and testis mass. The animals were culled during the autumn-winter seasons in 1995-2008 (after the rutting period) in the Białowieża Primeval Forest. The animals were divided into 2 age groups: young males up to 2-years-of-age and young males up to 3-years-of-age, with further separation into individuals with or without spermiogenesis. Research was performed on sections of testes and epididymes collected from 37 male bison. Blood serum collected from 37 European bison specimens. Levels of E1 in the blood serum were determined by the ELISA No KAPD4174 method of BIOSOURCE (Belgium). Moreover, there was no significant difference between mean values of E1 in serum of young male European bison up to 2 and 3-years-of-age with or without spermiogenesis. Young males up to 2-years-of-age with spermiogenesis were characterized by a significantly higher body mass and testis mass than the animals without spermiogenesis. There was no significant differences in the body mass and testis mass among older animals, up to 3-years-of-age, with or without spermiogenesis.
The level of inbreeding in three subspecies of leopard (Panthera pardus). The estimation of inbreeding level is one of the most important task in captive breeding. The rising of inbreeding coefficient can caused reduction of traits value. It caused deterioration of trait connected with reproduction and immunity. The aim of this paper was to estimate the level of inbreeding coefficient and its changes in time within three leopard Panthera pardus captive populations: Panthera pardus japonensis, Panthera pardus saxicolor and Panthera pardus orientalis. All subspecies are included in European Endangered Species Programme (EEP). The material for analysis was pedigree data taken from the ISIS data base covered information about animals born between year 1915 and 2003. The inbreeding coefficient was calculated using additive matrix method. In the first years (until 1979) average inbreeding was on the high level reachingthe 0.25. Specimens born in the last period (2001- -2003) have smaller inbreeding average on the level 0.043. The percentage of inbred specimens within subspecies was equal to: 13.1% (japonensis), 24.7% (orientalis) and 28.6% (saxicolor).
Occurrence of behavioural disorders in domestic cats. 269 cat owners was aimed at collecting information on abnormal/undesired behaviours of their pets. Based on this information, influence of sex, breed, age, origin, age at purchase/adoption and living conditions (number of cats, presence of other animals and/or children) on respective behaviours was studied. Results were analyzed with Chi² test and V-Kramer coefficient was calculated to establish level of correlations between different features. Abnormal/undesirable behaviours were reported in 73% of cats. 50% of them would scratch walls and furniture, and this behaviour was influenced by age at purchase/adoption, absence of other animals, and age of children in the family. 28.6% of cats showed urination/defecation in random places and this was influenced by age (more common in older animals), reproductive status (more frequent in neutered animals, irrespective of their sex) and presence of other animals. Aggression towards other cats occurred in 20% of animals, most of them over 8 years of age and it was also far more common in cats allowed to spent at least some time outdoor. Aggression towards animals of other species was found in 10% of cats, significantly more often in females and cats of both sexes roaming free. Other abnormal//undesirable behaviours were: destruction (8%), aggression towards people (significantly more frequent in households with children), excessive grooming (2.6%) and autoaggression (1.9%).
Reproduction results of chinchilla females from 1997–2010, were collected on selected Polish breeding farm, and evaluated by means of typical indices. The comparison of monthly births distribution led to conclusion, that pups are born on the farm throughout the year with varying frequency. There was a significant difference between the litter number in winter and summer, although it seems probable that it was not a seasonal tendency but a consequence of maintenance and husbandry. The breeding of chinchillas in optimal environmental conditions likely leads to improved domestication and reproduction.
Longevity is the main functional trait, very important in the conservation and restitution breeding programs. This trait is determined by both genetic and environmental effects. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic variance of longevity in leopard and snow leopard populations kept in the zoological gardens. The data were extracted from the International Species Information System (ISIS). The analysis included pedigree information of 1434 and 1256 individuals born in 1915-2003 years (respectively for snow leopard and leopard). The estimation of genetic variance was performed by the Animal Model, using the derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood algorithm. Decreasing genetic variance has been noticed over time in the both populations. It may affect the lifespan and survival in the analyzed populations. Results of this paper suggest that reasonable breeding programs should aid to increasing the genetic variability.
The aim of this study was to determine the amount of water intake of the chinchilla in a day and to check whether addition of herbal formula with an intense aroma and sweet taste to the water will affect the amount of water intake. Based on our experience it can be concluded that there are large differences in daily water intake between individuals in the sample and individual differentiation is the only factor that influenced the occurrence of differences. Other factors such as gender or provision of hay, did not affect significantly (statistically significant) on water intake. Experience has shown that there are highly significant differences in the consumption of water by the same animals before and after addition of the herbal preparation with a sweet taste. However, the addition of compounds, or drugs in the water requires the prior observation of the animal and determine the quantity of water consumed by it, due to the large differences between individuals. The study, which would give the answer if we should continue researching whether the sex, weight, age or other factors can affect the intake of the water by the chinchilla.
The area, perimeter and diameter of the seminiferous tubules in the European bison Bison bonasus (L.) were statistically higher in the animals with than in those without spermiogenesis, both among 2-year-old and 3-year-old males (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001).
The use of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis spp.), against the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) is currently studied in many countries. They show a great potential of nematodes for H. abietis control in laboratory and field experiments. In 2011 similar studies began in Poland to develop new biological control method of H. abietis with the use of native isolates of the nematodes. The first laboratory stage of the experiments pointed at the estimation of biological activity of 3 native isolates: 2 of Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and 1 of S. kraussei (Steiner). The tested nematodes were applied at the dose of 100 invasive larvae per 1 larva of H. abietis. After 48 hours H. abietis larvae were sectioned and examined for a determination of their mortality, extensivity and intensity of infection. No statistical differences were found between larvae mortality and extensivity of infection by tested isolates of nematodes. In all variants the mortality and extensivity of infection were high and reached 92−100% and 80−86% respectively. Statistical differences were found between the intensity of infection, which were the highest in case of S. feltiae Zag15. The obtained results indicated different activity of nematode isolates within one speies.
The study was aimed at testing the density effect in the tropical house cricket breeding on its survival and growth rate when fed ad libitum. The tropical house crickets were kept in nine containers of a volume of 81 litres each. Three experimental variants were used: 7.5 ml of crickets were placed in the first container, 15 ml in the second and 30 ml in the third. Temperature in containers was 29°C, the experiment lasted 25 days. Obtained results showed that survival did not depend on the initial density in culture containers while crickets kept at a high density had smaller body length. The results may affect the optimization of house cricket breeding.
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