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1

Clinical, imaging and genetic analysis of double bilateral radix entomolaris

100%
Rodríguez-Niklitschek C. A., Oporto V. G. H., Garay I., Salazar L. A.
Folia Morphologica
|
2015
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tom 74
|
nr 1
Background: Anatomy describes that first mandibular molars have two roots: 1 mesial, with 2 root canals, and 1 distal, with 1 root canal. The presence of three roots in these teeth is uncommon. Root anatomical variations have an impact, especially in endodontic, where the highest rates of nonsurgical treatment failures are due to the inability to identify and access roots and/or accessory canals. The aim of this research is to report a case of double three-rooted mandibular first molar through clinical, imaging and genetic analysis. Materials and methods: Using a panoramic radiography, the presence of three roots in teeth 36 and 46 was diagnosed in a female patient. Additionally, it was indicated a cone beam computed tomography. Moreover, leukocyte genomic DNA was obtained from a blood sample of the patient to determine her ethnicity through analysis of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups using polymerase chain reaction-length restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Both molars had three roots, 1 mesial (M), 1 distolingual (DL), also known as radix entomolaris (RE), and a distovestibular (DV). For both teeth, M root had 2 canals, and DV and DL roots presented just 1 canal. Mitochondrial DNA analysis determined presence of haplogroup C, corresponding to Amerindian ethnicity. Conclusions: The presence of RE is uncommon. This case report contributes to describe this rare anatomical variation. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular-genetic study applied to dental anatomy and gives basis to develop future research in the area. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 1: 127–132)
2

Morphological variations of the mandibular canal in digital panoramic radiographs: a retrospective study in a Chilean population

76%
Fuentes R., Arias A., Farfan C., Astete N., Garay I., Navarro P., Dias F. J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2019
|
tom 78
|
nr 1
Background: Morphological variations of the mandibular canal (MC) have been described in literature, so the clinician must be able to recognise them and adapt their treatment accordingly. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of morphological variations of the MC using digital panoramic radiographs (DPR) of Chilean patients. Materials and methods: A retrospective study in which 1400 DPR were analysed to identify cases of bifid, trifid and retromolar MC. The radiographs were analysed independently by two examiners who had previously been trained by a specialist in oral and maxillofacial radiology. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to reach a final sample. Results: Nine hundred and twenty-five radiographs were included (599 female, 326 male; mean age 36.1 ± 15.54 years). The prevalence of bifid MC was 11% (n = 102), with no significant differences by sex (p = 0.069). Proportion of bifid MC was higher among younger patients (p = 0.038). Prevalence of morphological variations of type 1 bifid MC was 7.4% (n = 69), type 2 was 2.3% (n = 23), type 3 was 0% (n = 0) and type 4 was 1.1% (n = 10). Prevalence of retromolar canal was 0.9% (n = 8), with no significant differences by sex (p = 0.893) or age (p = 0.371); of these, 2 (0.2%) cases were forward type and 6 (0.6%) cases were retromolar type. No cases of trifid MC were found. Conclusions: Digital panoramic radiographs are useful for detecting morphological variations of the MC; we were able to identify three types of bifid MC as well as retromolar canals. Proper identification of these variations by an easily accessible examination is important for avoiding possible complications in clinical-surgical practice. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 1: 163–170)
3

Prevalence and morphometric analysis of idiopathic osteosclerosis in a Chilean population

76%
Fuentes R., Arias A., Astete N., Farfan C., Garay I., Dias F.
Folia Morphologica
|
2018
|
tom 77
|
nr 2
Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence and morphometric parameters of idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) in a Chilean population. IO is an intraosseous growth of compact, benign, unilocular, non-expandable bone that is referred to as an anatomical variation. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using 1000 digital panoramic radiographs of adults in which data on the location (maxillary/ mandibular, right/left hemiarcades), shape, position to the dental apex, and the prevalence of IOs were observed in relation to gender and age. The morphometric parameters evaluated were area, height, width, and the linear distances of the IO up to the midline and at the base of the mandible. Results: The overall prevalence was 2.8% (27 individuals), with the majority of cases in women (66.7%) in the second, third, and fifth decades of life, but without significant differences. All cases were present in the mandible (100%), usually in the left hemiarcade (59.3%), molar (48.2%) and premolar (44.4%) regions; at the height of the dental apices (65.5%), with an irregular shape (40.7%) and round (37%). The area of the IOs was 33.9 ± 20.1 mm², with a height of 7.7 ± 3.1 mm, width of 6.6 ± 3.1 mm, and the distance from the IO to the mandible median line was 26.6 ± 10.7 mm and 9.7 ± 3.7 mm to the mandibular base. Conclusions: All the data observed corroborate with previous studies; the IO does not present a large difference in the Chilean population evaluated compared to previous studies carried out in other populations. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 272–278)
4

Bilateral bifid mandibular canal: a case report using cone beam computed tomography

76%
Fuentes R., Farfán C., Astete N., Garay I., Dias F., Arias A.
Folia Morphologica
|
2018
|
tom 77
|
nr 4
The mandibular canal (MC) originates in the mandibular foramen and runs bilaterally through the mandibular ramus and body, ending in the mental foramen. One of the most common anatomical variations is bifid MC, the configurations of which have been classified into four categories and sub-categories. The prevalence of these variations depends on the imaging method used. Studies carried out in panoramic X-rays and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) show prevalences varying between 1% and 20%. In this case report we present the finding of a bilateral bifid MC by CBCT examination; we describe its location and morphological characteristics. The variation found was a type 1 bilateral bifid MC, which consists in an accessory canal originating from a single mandibular foramen and extending to the third molar or its immediate surroundings. In this report we discuss the importance of detecting these anatomical variations, as well as their implications in clinical practice. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 4: 780–784)
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