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The antimicrobial activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum fruits was investigated against clinical isolates(Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans). Qualitative phytochemistry of the plant indicated that the plant contained Flavonoids, Steroids, Alkaloids, Tannin, Anthraquinone and Cardiac glycosides while Saponins were reported absent. The maximum activity of the aqueous extracts in the test isolates was observed on Staphylococcus aureus, which showed clear zones with diameters of 24.0mm, 20.0mm and 16.5mm at concentrations of 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml respectively while it had low activity on Klebsiella pneumonia, with clear zones of inhibition of 15.0mm, 12.0mm and 10.5mm at same concentrations. On the other hand, Methanolic extracts activity on Staphylococcus aureus produced clear zones of 21.0mm, 17.5mm and 12.0mm at concentrations of 200mg/ml, 100mg/ml and 50mg/ml respectively as its best activity while the it had least observed activity on Klebsiella pneumonia with clear zones of 14.0mm, 11.5mm and 10.5mm at same concentrations. The aqueous extracts had greater activity than the methanolic extracts at same concentrations. Therefore, the fruit of the plant can be a good source of remedy in phytomedicine.
The capacity of Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to produce voltage and concurrently treat abattoir waste water was investigated in MFCs that used 0.1M potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6] as catholytes. Physicochemical, electrochemical and Microbiological properties of the MFCs were monitored. The open circuit voltage (OCV) readings were taken at 3 hours interval and maximum OCV of 965mV was recorded. Also, The physicochemical characteristics of the MFCs revealed that the pH decreased by 0.2 after treatment; Chemical Oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonia, and total nitrogen reduced by 88.4%, 65.56%, 43.88%, 60% and 60% respectively. However, Phosphate increased by 54%. The bacterial isolates from the raw abattoir wastewater were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus while Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli were isolated from the biofilms on the anode. Microbial fuel cells therefore have capacities for simultaneous waste water treatment and electricity generation.
This study aimed at the simultaneous treatment of wastewater obtained from swine and generation of bioenergy in form of electricity from the energy stored in the organic component of the wastewater. The Open circuit voltage, current, power density and microbiological and physicochemical parameters were monitored. An initial Open circuit voltage of 516mV, Current of 0.29mA, and Power density of 32.74mW/m2 were recorded, which increased to give maximum Open Circuit Voltages of 836mV, Current of 0.49mA, and Power density of 88.45mW/m2. The results revealed that The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Organic carbon, Total Soluble solids (TSS), Ammonia, Ammonium and Ammonium-Nitrogen all showed percentage decrease of 85.92%, 51.74%, 78.16%, 98.87%, 55.87%, 55.79% and 55.90% respectively while parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Nitrate, Nitrate-Nitrogen, Phosphates, Phosphorus and Orthophosphates however increased after treatment to give a percentage increase of -273.60%, -131.65%, -134.85%, -168.77%, -159.26%, and -157.03% respectively. Bacteria isolates identified at the biofilms on the anode were Corynebacterium specie, Bacillus specie, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus faecalis. The results from this study further exacerbate the Bioelectricity production as well as wastewater treatment potentials of the Microbial Fuel Cell technology.
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