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1

How climate change impacts energy load demand for commercial and residential buildings in a large city in Northern China

100%
Li M., Xiong M., Xiang C., Cao J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 5
Exploring building energy demands under the conditions of climate change can provide a basis for promoting building energy efficiency. The heating and cooling loads of commercial and residential buildings with different energy-saving standards from 1961-2009 in a large city in northern China were simulated and their responses to climate change and variability were analyzed. The results showed that the heating load for commercial buildings significantly decreased from 1961 to 2009 (P<0.01), whereas the cooling load weakly but not significantly increased over these 49 years (P>0.05). This may indicate that continuous rising temperatures in the future may apparently decrease heating load, but not largely increase energy load for cooling. The heating loads in all types of residential buildings showed a large and significant decrease from 1961 to 2009 (P < 0.01). However, decreasing rate gradually decreased from the first- to the third-stage energy-saving buildings, indicating decreasing sensitivity to climate change with enhancement of energy-saving standards. The variations of heating loads are dominantly controlled by the mean air temperature, which can explain up to 90% of the heating load. The climate change influence on the cooling load of a commercial building is dependent on month. Cooling load is dominantly related to air temperature in June and September, whereas it relates to the combination of humidity and temperature in July and August. These results may indicate that improvement of energy efficiency for building cooling should be considered by the combined effects of humidity and temperature rather than a single temperature.
2

Return period for urban rainwater drainage networks based on the lowest total social investment method: a case study in Tianjin, China

100%
Yang Y., Li M., Xiong M., Cao J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2019
|
tom 28
|
nr 5
Waterlogging is related to rainfall intensity as well as drainage network design. In previous studies, rainfall intensity was dominantly considered, while the design return period with the lowest total social investment of drainage networks was generally neglected. In this study, Guangkai Street in Tianjin in northern China was selected as a case study to determine the optimal design return period of drainage networks. According to the drainage networks for different design return periods, the depth of waterlogging was simulated based on the FloodArea model under the conditions of the rainfall exceeding the design return period. Furthermore, traffic losses due to waterlogging were determined by using the traffic loss model. When the sum of traffic losses and drainage network investment is smallest (i.e., the lowest total social investment), the corresponding return period is considered as the optimal design return period of drainage networks. By comparing the simulated depths of waterlogging and observations of 17 waterlogging monitoring points, we found that the FloodArea model has efficient simulation in most areas. Accordingly, the FloodArea model was used to simulate the depths of waterlogging with different return periods in Guangkai Street. The results show that the total social investment, including traffic losses and initial investment of drainage networks, is the lowest with the return period of the drainage networks in the selected area being designed as 5 years. This suggests that the design return period of the drainage networks in Guangkai Street should be upgraded to 5 years. The approach in this study is based on high-precision simulation (1 m GIS data) and actual waterlogging depth to ensure the accuracy of simulation. The optimal design return period is calculated in combination with traffic losses and initial investment of drainage networks, providing reference for the design of drainage networks in specific areas.
3

Future climate change on energy consumption of office buildings in different climate zones of China

88%
Chen Y., Li M., Xiong M., Cao J., Li J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 1
We quantitatively evaluated the future energy consumption of offi ce buildings for cooling and heating in Harbin, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, which represented different building climate zones in China. The results show that office buildings in different building climate zones have a decreasing trend of heating load and an increasing trend of cooling load. For the change of heating load, the fastest decreasing rate is in Harbin, located in a severe cold zone with 32.9 and 81.5 W/m² per 10 years for low and medium forcing, respectively, followed by Shanghai, located in a hot summer and cold winter zone, and Tianjin, located in the cold zone. For the change of cooling load, the fastest increasing rate is in Shanghai, with 76.3 and 124.0 W/m² per 10 years for low and medium forcing, respectively, followed by Guangzhou, located in a hot summer and warm winter zone. By contrast, the increasing rate for the cooling load is relatively slow in Harbin and Tianjin. By comparing with the past 50 years (1961-2010), total energy consumption in Harbin will decrease in the future during two periods (2011-50 and 2011-2100), with 1.93% and 1.85% reduction in 2011-50 for low and medium forcing, and 2.16% and 2.72% reduction in 2011-2100, respectively.
4
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Genetic analysis of 38 double-flowered amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum) cultivars based on SRAP markers

76%
Xiong M., Yang S., Wang Y., Chen D., Wang X., Zhou D., Wei Z.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
|
2021
|
tom 20
|
nr 3
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