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The biotransformation of (–)–menthol by Mucor ramannianus was studied. It was carried out with sporulated surface cultures of Mucor ramannianus. The main bioconversion products obtained from (–)–menthol were trans-p-menthan-8-ol, trans-menth-2-en-1-ol, sabinane, pmenthane- 3,8-diol, isomenthol, and 1,8-cineole, also resulting in higher yields. Biotransformation with sporulated surface cultures was also monitored in Petri dishes and the same solid medium, Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SD A), was used. In the solid agar medium inoculated with spores of Mucor ramannianus, first germination of the spores and then mycelial growth took place. After 1 week, the surfaces of Petri dishes were covered with spores and biotransformation reaction had started. However, there is no report on the biotransformation of (-)-menthol using Mucor ramannianus. Six isolates (93.6%) found Mucor ramannianus as a biocatalyst and biotransformation of (–)–menthol was investigated. The pathways involved in the biotransformation of (–)–menthol by two main products are also discussed.
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Terpineol and linalool are sources of fragrances providing an unique volatile terpenoid alcohol of low toxicity, and thus are widely used in the perfumery industry. They are also being applied in folk medicine and in aromatherapy, as well as important chemical constituents of the essential oil of many plants. Previous studies have implicated the biotransformation of limonene by Pseudomonas putida. The objective of this research was to study the pathways involved in biotransformation of myrcene by Pseudomonas putida. The culture preparation was done by using such variables as different microbial methods and incubation periods to obtain maximum cells of P. putida for myrcene biotransformation. It was found that myrcene was converted to dihydrolinalool, cis-β-dihydroterpineol, linalool and cis-ocimene-8-oxo in high percentages. The biotransformation products were identified by theoretical study (TS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet visible (UV), gas chromatography (GC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Comparison of different incubation times showed that 120 h which was more effective, the major products were dihydrolinalool (4.1%), cis- β-dihydroterpineol (67.6%) and linalool (25.8%). The main compounds comprised 97.5%. The incubation period of 72 h yielded dihydrolinalool (16.7%), cis-ocimene-8-oxo (61.6%), Biotransformation of Myrcene by Pseudomonas putida PTCC 1694 trans-β-dihydroterpineol (8.4%) and β-cadinene (3.5%), with main compounds comprising 86.7%. Incubation for 30 h yielded dihydrolinalool (59.5%), cis-β-dihydroterpineol (25.0%), hexadecanoic acid (12.5%), and the main compounds comprising 97.0%.
A simple and efficient method of carrying out biotransformation reactions on terpenoid compounds was developed. For these experiments, a sporulated surface culture of Penicillium sp. was inoculated on solid media in conical flasks. After a short incubation the spores germinated and a mycelia culture was formed. After a week the cultures had completely sporulated and a bioconversion reaction started. For this purpose, a known volume of menthol was added onto the sporulated surface of culture. After 7 days, a period during which transformation took place, menthol was extracted with Et2O three times. After evaporation the recognition by GC and GC/MS was followed. The main bioconverted products obtained from menthol by surface Penicillium sp. with the use of sporulated surface culture were α-pinene (18.0%), sabinene (11.6%), trans-p-menthan-1-ol (10.6%), p-menth-1-ene (5.8%), 1,8-cineole (6.4%) and limonene (3.2%). The pathways of biotransformation of menthol by Penicillium sp. to main products are also discussed.
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