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Large granular lymphoma in six cats

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Large granular lymphomas (LGLs) comprise a specific group of lymphomas regardless of classification scheme. An LGL consists of cells that show less or more mature morphology, but typically neoplastic cells possess cytoplasmic azurophilic granules clearly visible during cytological examination. The aim of the present study was to present clinical and cytological data on large granular lymphomas in cats and to analyses the therapeutic responses in treated cases. During the period from 2012 to 2014 six cats were as having large granular lymphoma. In one cat a nasal form of LGL was recognized, a systemic form was recognized in another cat, and in four cases an alimentary form was recognized. Cellular samples for cytopathology were collected from the cat with nasal cavity mass, from the enlarged mandibular lymph node and thoracic cavity from second cat, and in four cats from the abdominal mass during ultrasound-assisted fine-needle biopsy. Therapy was introduced in 5 of the 6 cats. In two cases palliative therapy with glucocorticoids was conducted, in two cases chemotherapy with COP protocol, and therapy with masitinib in one case. The median of survival time for cats treated with anticancer therapy was 9 months, the median of survival time for cats treated with glucocorticoids was 1.5 months. In conclusion, large granular lymphomas, especially the alimentary form, are a relatively common type of lymphoma in cats. Simple diagnostic methods such as clinical examination, imaging techniques and routine cytology are sufficient in majority of cases. Despite aggressive behavior and poor general prognosis, conventional chemotherapy lead to a good response in some treated cats regardless of anatomic form and histologic grade of malignancy.
The changes in the milk composition and its lipid fraction during the rearing of lambs in non-milked sheep. Studies regarding the effect of lactation stage on milk content and lipid fraction composition are mostly conducted on milked animals. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the basic milk composition and content of fatty acids in the fat fraction during the rearing of lambs in non-milked sheep. The study was carried out on 22 ewes of Polish lowland sheep of Żelazneńska strain, which reared lambs sold at low weight classes (up to 22 kg). Milk samples were collected at 10 (period 1), 25 (period 2) and 52 (period 3) days of lactation. There were no differences in the amount of the basic components of milk in the studied periods of lactation beside the fat (P≤ 0.05) content. There were also no difference in the content of fatty acid groups in the fat fraction of ewe’s milk examined at 10, 25 and 52 day of lactation.Although,in the third period of lactation, the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was slightlyhigher compared to first period. In turn, the content of oleic acid (P≥0.30) and C18:3 (P≤ 0.05) was higher in the 10 day of rearing then in 52 day. A slightly larger share of essential C18 unsaturated fatty acids in ewe’s milk in early lactation may suggest the involvement of adipose tissue in the formation of milk fat.
Malignant lymphomas are one of the most common malignant tumours occurring in dogs. The basic method of lymphoma diagnosis in human, as well as in canine oncology is histopathology supported by immunohistochemistry. It was suggested that in veterinary medicine excisional biopsy of lymph node and histopathology should be considered only where the cytologic diagnosis is equivocal or needs to be confirmed. There are at least three basic reasons for which cytological examination ought to be accepted as a sufficient and reliable diagnostic method for lymphoma in dogs. Firstly, most dog owners consider the fine-needle biopsy as an acceptable non-harmful method of sample collection. Secondly, an increasing number of studies recommend cytology as an accurate test for diagnosing and subtyping canine lymphoma. Finally, the vast majority of canine lymphoma subtypes belong to 4-5 categories characterized by a typical cytological picture. Immunocytochemical staining of cytological smears gives new diagnostic possibilities, such as detection of markers better characterizing given growth or a potential goal for target therapy in individual cases (for example inhibitors of platelet-derived growth factor).
Feline injection site sarcomas (FISS) are malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin which arise in sites of injections in cats. The prevalence is estimated between 1 in 1000 and 1 in 10 000 vaccinations in the United Kingdom. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of FISS in Poland and to analyse clinical aspects and histological and cytological features of injection site sarcomas. In our study the prevalence of FISS was 0.16% (16 FISS on 10.000 of cats) in feline patients in one of a veterinary surgery which conducts the general practice and 85 on 10.000 cats in a practice focused on veterinary oncology. The most typical microscopic features of FISS found in the present analysis were: the presence of perilesional scarring and inflammation, aggregates of lymphocytes at the tumour periphery, moderate but usually marked cellular pleomorphism and intralesional necrosis. The most typical cytologic features of FISS found in present study were: the presence of neutrophils, marked cellular pleomorphism, the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages, the presence of extremely large nuclei in the neoplastic cells, and high sample cellularity.
The aim of the present study was to analyse epidemiological, cytological, laboratory and clinical data from canine acute leukemia (AL) cases. The study was conducted from 2009 to 2015, and included 2384 dogs undergoing cytological examination in two veterinary practices in Warsaw. The analysis included dogs in which bone marrow cytology revealed acute leukemia, regardless of its subtype. Data on breed, age, sex, as well as clinical signs and results of haematological examination were collected for every dog. Breed predisposition to acute leukemia was calculated by statistical methods on the basis of the theoretical distribution of canine breeds in Poland. Acute leukemia was diagnosed in 31 dogs (24.7%) undergoing bone marrow cytology, that is, in 1.3% of all the dogs examined by cytology during the study period. The disease was diagnosed mainly in adults, and a strong predisposition was found particularly in German shepherds and Golden retrievers. The median duration of clinical signs from the onset to diagnosis was 14 days. The clinical signs were mostly non-specific (apathy, recurrent fever, lack of appetite), whereas lymphadenomegaly or/and splenomegaly were observed more seldom. Hematology revealed neoplastic leukocytosis in 75% of dogs, whereas anemia and trombocytopenia were observed in 86% and 85% of patients, respectively. Regardless of the leukemia subtype, prognosis was poor. In conclusion, it can be stated that according to current knowledge on canine acute leukemias, bone marrow cytology based on routine staining methods is sufficient for correct diagnosis in a vast majority of cases.
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