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Celem pracy było zbadanie zwyczajów żywieniowych otyłych pacjentów ze zdiagnozowanym nadciśnieniem tętniczym leczonych w Klinice Chorób Zawodowych i Nadciśnienia Tętniczego Szpitala Klinicznego Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu. Badaniem objęto 52 osoby ze zdiagnozowanym nadciśnieniem tętniczym - pacjentów Kliniki Chorób Zawodowych i Nadciśnienia Tętniczego Szpitala Klinicznego Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu. Do oceny zwyczajów żywieniowych wykorzystano autorski, standaryzowany kwestionariusz opracowany w Zakładzie Żywienia Człowieka Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego we Wrocławiu. Wśród badanych pacjentów z nadciśnieniem tętniczym zaledwie 12,9% mężczyzn i 33,3% kobiet deklarowało spożywanie 4 posiłków w ciągu dnia, 5 posiłków - ok. 5% kobiet i 3% mężczyzn, a więcej niż 5 posiłków - 3,2% mężczyzn. Wykazano, że przeważająca część badanych spożywała pieczywo białe (pszenne). Dotyczyło to ponad 33% kobiet i 58% mężczyzn. U blisko 29% pacjentek warzywa występowały w 3 porcjach, u ok. 14% – w 4 porcjach, a prawie 10% spożywało 5 porcji warzyw w ciągu dnia. 38% kobiet dostarczało 2 porcji warzyw dziennie, a ok. 10% – tylko jedną. Odpowiednią podaż owoców w diecie realizowało blisko 81% kobiet i 78% mężczyzn. Nieregularne spożycia mleka i produtów mlecznych deklarowało prawie 67% kobiet i 48% mężczyzn. Zaleca się, modyfikację składu racji pokarmowych badanych polegające na zwiększeniu w diecie udziału produktów zbożowych z pełnego przemiału, nasion strączkowych, warzyw i owoców oraz zmniejszeniu udziału tłuszczów zwierzęcych.
Background. Glycemic Load (GL) is one of the indicators that can be used to assess the nutritional value of the diet. The results of numerous studies have shown that high glycemic index and/or high GL diets were associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate dietary GL, intake of food products which are source of carbohydrates and contribution of particular carbohydrates in students’ diets. Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 140 female students from Wroclaw (Poland) aged 21±1.6 years. The dietary assessment was performed using food frequency-questionnaire. The GL of daily food ration (DFR) was considered low for values <80 g, medium for values between 80-120 g and high for values >120 g. Results. The mean GL of the diets was 120.7±42 g. DFR of 12.1% of the students had low GL, 46.6% - medium, and 39.3% - high. Diets in the 4th quartile of GL were characterized by the highest energy value, total carbohydrate, sucrose, starch and fiber content and energy contribution from carbohydrates when compared with lower quartiles. Higher percentage of energy from protein and fats in the diets was related with lower dietary GL. The highest correlation coefficient between GL and weight of the consumed food was observed for sweets (r=0.67), cereal products (r=0.52), juices and sweetened beverages (r=0.50), vegetables (r=0.45) and fruits (r=0.44). In the study, cereal products, fruits, sweets, vegetables and juices and sweetened beverages consumed by the female subjects constituted respectively 26.6%, 12.8%, 11.4%, 9.1% and 8.8% of the total dietary GL. Conclusions. Lower dietary GL in the female students participating in the study can be achieved by limiting the intake of sweets and sweet beverages as well as consuming cereal products with a low GI.
Background: Glycemic load (GL) is used to evaluate how various food products affect blood sugar level. According to some studies, high dietary GL may increase the risk of cancer development and recurrence. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess dietary glycemic load and intake of carbohydrates derived from various food products by patients staying on an oncological ward. Material and methods: The study group included 100 cancer patients aged 19-83 years (59.6 ± 11.3 years). GL, energy and nutrient intake was estimated based on the data from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The correlations between dietary GL and consumption of 18 groups of products were assessed. Results: The average GL per 1000 kcal was 61.0 ± 8.6 g in the diets of men and 56.2 ± 9.5 g in the diets of women. High GL (>120 g) was observed in 76% of analyzed diets. The diets of men had higher GL, energy and sucrose content than the diets of women. Men, in comparison to women, consumed more refined grain products (144.1 ± 78.2 g vs. 95.5 ± 67.8 g), beverages (236.4 ± 344.7 g vs. 69.2 ± 173.0 g), honey and sugar (28.0 ± 22.2 g vs. 16.7 ± 18.0 g), dark chocolate (4.5 ± 4.5 g vs. 3.9 ± 6.7 g), sweets (66.1 ± 56.6 g vs. 38.8 ± 39.5 g) and soups (313.3 ± 105.3 g vs. 260.8 ± 160.3 g). Conclusions: Analyzed diets were characterized by high GL and simple sugars content. Men consumed more refined and sweetened products than women. The improvement of knowledge about proper nutrition is needed in studied group of cancer patients.
Background. The inadequate nutritional status of hospitalized patients leading to the malnutrition is one of the crucial clinical problems. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess nutritional status of patients on the basis of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaire. Material and Methods. The study group included 120 patients staying on the internal medicine ward. The average age for female and male was 65±9.7 and 63±8.4 years, respectively. To assess malnutrition the anthropometric measurements and the MNA questionnaire was conducted. Results. The average MIS (Malnutrition Indicator Score) value in female and male was 25.0 ± 3.0. Among 29% of women and 18.2% of men the risk of malnutrition occurrence was noted. The incorrect values of BMI (body mass index) were observed more frequently in male compared to female (84.0% vs. 67.0%). Incorrect values of the MAC (mid arm circumference) and CC (calf circumference) were found respectively in 6.6 % and 10.5% of female and in 2.3% of male. 55.3% of women and 75% of men declared taking more than 3 prescription drugs a day. In women were observed a significantly higher deficiency of dairy products, meat, fish, or poultry as well as meals containing legume plants or eggs per week compared to men (21.0% vs. 4.5%). An insufficient daily intake of vegetables was declared by 20.4% of men and 15.8% of women. Conclusions. The occurrence of malnutrition or its risk was observed in about a quarter of studied hospitalized patients. The malnutrition was worsened by a reported loss of appetite, a significant number of drugs being taken, and inadequate nutrition among the patients.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the content of specific fatty acids in the diet and adipose tissue in a selected group of inhabitants of Lower Silesia in Poland. Methods: The study group consisted of 95 inhabitants of Wroclaw and surrounding villages (22 men and 23 women from the urban area, 23 men and 27 women from the rural area). Fatty acid content in subcutaneous fat samples was assessed by gas-chromatography. Dietary assessment was carried out using food frequency questionnaire. Dietary intake was analyzed using computer programme The Food Processor SQL 10.5.2 produced by ESHA Research USA, with a Polish database. Results: Mean daily energy and fatty acids intake was significantly higher among rural than urban inhabitants. Intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), mainly from rapeseed oil, in urban inhabitants was 1.5 g/day in men and 1.6 g/day in women, and in rural inhabitants 2.6 g/day and 2.1 g/day, respectively. Dietary n-6 to n-3 ratio was higher among urban compared to rural inhabitants (6.7 vs. 5.5 among men and 6.4 vs. 5.5 among women, respectively). Content of ALA in adipose tissue was higher in rural women than in urban men (1.08% vs. 0.92% of total fat). Content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in adipose tissue in rural men (0.04% of total fat) and women (0.05% of total fat) was higher than in urban men (0.01% of total fat). The positive correlation (r=0.43) between the level of EPA in adipose tissue and percentage of energy from dietary EPA was observed among rural men. Overall, positive correlations were found between saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) n-3 level in adipose tissue and percentage of energy from these fatty acids in a diet (r=0.20 and r=0.22, respectively). Conclusions: Mean daily n-3 fatty acid intake in urban inhabitants was lower than the recommended daily consumption in Poland. The positive correlation between fatty acids level in adipose tissue and dietary fatty acid intake was observed only for EPA among rural men, and in the all-study population for SFA and PUFA n-3. A high n-6 to n-3 ratio in the study group was observed.
Introduction. A decreased serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk. However, total HDL is a very dynamic, changeable fraction, and does not perform the function of atherosclerosis markers. In the presented study, the pattern of serum lipids, including HDL-C subclasses (HDL2- and HDL3-cholesterol), in a middleaged Polish Lower Silesia population was defined. Materials and method. A group of 746 males and 1,298 females, aged 35–70, were investigated. All subjects were participants in the PURE study. Mean serum lipid levels were determined for groups selected on the basis of gender, age, cigarette smoking, drinking alcohol and place of residence (urban/rural area). The data were analyzed using STATISTICA 6.0 PL. Results. In multiple linear regression models, age was the most important independent and consistent predictor of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). The prevalence of low HDL-C (threshold 40 mg/dL in males, 50 mg/dL in females) was 16.5% for males and 22.6% for females. This gender-conditioned difference in the prevalence of low HDL-C was greater in rural (20.0% vs. 30.9%, respectively, in males and females) in comparison to urban (14.4% vs. 17.1%) areas. The lipid pattern was significantly worse in rural than in urban females. Female rural inhabitants showed higher triglycerides (TG) and lower HDL cholesterol (total and contained in subclasses HDL2 and HDL3). Simultaneously, a higher BMI, higher percent of smokers and drinkers and lower age of smoking female rural inhabitants in comparison to urban females were estimated. In the total population, cigarette smoking or drinking alcohol were associated with significant increases in TC, LDL-C and TG, also with decreased HDL-C (smoking) or HDL2-C (drinking). Two-way analysis of variance showed the existence of interaction between these risk factors in their influence on HDL-C and HDL3-C. Conclusion. In the middle-aged population of the Lower Silesian region in Poland the place of residence (urban/rural area) had a significant impact on the lipid pattern. This pattern is more atherogenic in rural women than in urban women.
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